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Left Behind: Latin America and the False Promise of Populism

机译:落伍:拉丁美洲与民粹主义的虚假承诺

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摘要

In Left Behind, noted academic economist and former World Bank technocrat Sebastian Edwards adopts a sober yet hopeful tone as he sternly defends the moderate, market-oriented economic policies adopted across Latin America since the end of the Cold War. For much of the twentieth century, Latin America's economic performance could only be described as painful: chronic inflation and anaemic growth opened the way for populist remedies long on rhetoric and short on durable solutions. After the Cold War, free-market policy prescriptions known as the 'Washington Consensus' called for sweeping reforms, including widespread privatisations and macroeconomic stability, to address the continent's dire economic and social situation. Perhaps unsurprisingly, given that he was deeply involved in these events, Edwards staunchly defends the broad strokes of the consensus, arguing that the reforms were, if anything, skin deep when much stronger, 'structural' medicine was needed. Yet his support for the reform appears justified, as most governments (including leftist ones in Brazil, Chile and Uruguay, to name a few) successfully maintained Washington Consensus-like policies following the contagion of the global financial crisis that reached Latin America in 2008.
机译:在《落后的背后》中,著名的经济学家,前世界银行技术专家塞巴斯蒂安·爱德华兹(Sebastian Edwards)采取了清醒而又充满希望的语气,因为他严厉捍卫自冷战结束以来在拉丁美洲采取的温和的,以市场为导向的经济政策。在整个20世纪的大部分时间里,拉丁美洲的经济表现只能说是痛苦的:长期的通货膨胀和经济增长乏力为民粹主义补救措施开辟了道路,而这种补救措施长期以来都是夸夸其谈,而持久解决方案却是短暂的。冷战结束后,被称为“华盛顿共识”的自由市场政策处方要求进行全面改革,包括广泛的私有化和宏观经济稳定,以解决非洲大陆严峻的经济和社会形势。考虑到他深深地参与了这些事件,也许并不令人惊讶,爱德华兹坚定地捍卫了共识的广泛动因,认为当需要更强大的“结构性”药物时,改革是深入的。然而,他对改革的支持似乎是有道理的,因为在2008年全球金融危机蔓延至拉丁美洲之后,大多数政府(包括巴西,智利和乌拉圭的左翼政府,仅举几例)成功地维持了类似华盛顿共识的政策。

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  • 来源
    《Survival》 |2011年第3期|p.176-177|共2页
  • 作者

    Russell Crandall;

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