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System Development Planning Using Readiness Levels in a Cost of Development Minimization Model

机译：在开发成本最小化模型中使用准备水平的系统开发计划

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The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology that enables systems engineers or program managers to formulate a system-wide optimal development plan in order to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of the development process in terms of the actual readiness of the system. It proposes the use of the System Readiness Level (SRL) scale to measure the maturity of a system composed of technological elements, which are being developed based on cost-driven strategies (as opposed to time-to-market-driven strategies). A constrained optimization model is used to identify which critical technology elements and integration links can be matured to which levels at a particular time such that the development costs are minimized while a targeted SRL value is attained on schedule. While the algorithm does not necessarily reduce the total cost of development, it is able to find the minimal amount of expenditures which will achieve the desired maturity level during the earlier part of the development process. Essentially, it shifts the rest of the expenditures towards the latter part of the development during which model-based integration and testing procedures which have been suggested by others can be applied to reduce costs and time further. This can be a useful option to have when there is substantial uncertainty with the system due to its high novelty and technological content. As a value added approach, the model gives the systems engineer the information needed to understand what a delay may mean to development, so a more informed decision can be made. The paper concludes by discussing the possible use of the optimal development plan to monitor and control the progress of systems under development.
机译：本文的目的是描述一种方法，使系统工程师或程序经理可以制定系统范围内的最佳开发计划，以便根据系统的实际准备情况来促进对开发过程的监视和评估。它建议使用系统准备水平（SRL）量表来衡量由技术要素组成的系统的成熟度，这些技术要素是基于成本驱动的策略（而不是上市时间驱动的策略）开发的。约束优化模型用于确定哪些关键技术元素和集成链接可以在特定时间成熟到哪个级别，从而使开发成本最小化，同时按计划获得目标SRL值。虽然该算法不一定能减少开发的总成本，但它能够找到最少量的支出，这些支出将在开发过程的早期阶段达到所需的成熟度水平。从本质上讲，它将其余的支出转移到开发的后期，在此期间可以应用其他人建议的基于模型的集成和测试程序来进一步降低成本和时间。由于系统的高度新颖性和技术含量，当系统存在很大不确定性时，这可能是一个有用的选择。作为一种增值方法，该模型为系统工程师提供了了解延误对开发意味着什么所需的信息，因此可以做出更明智的决策。本文通过讨论最佳开发计划可能用于监视和控制正在开发的系统进度的结论来结束。

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