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Judging War, Judging History: Behind truth and reconciliation Localizing Transitional Justice: Interventions and priorities after mass violence

机译：评判战争，评判历史：在真理与和解背后

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While providing a clear synopsis of the history of the continent, Young makes itnclear that history remains an important contemporary issue that can be manipulatednfor political ends. Even a ‘beginner’ is likely to have accepted the popularnidea of colonialism as an entirely reprehensible enterprise, and one of the greatnstrengths of this book is that it challenges such preconceptions. The author pointsnout the existence of more positive aspects of colonialism, as well as some disturbingnparallels between nineteenth-century justifications for ‘civilizing’ Africa andncontemporary arguments in favour of humanitarian intervention. ‘Whose agendandoes this attitude serve?’ is always one of the key questions; in this case Youngnconcludes that an unremitting emphasis on the negative side of colonial historynbenefits African elites and often serves to obscure domestic injustice.nThe discussion of Africa today is equally thought-provoking. The title of the finalnchapter, ‘Can outsiders change Africa?’ prompts an analysis of how the outsidenworld tries to solve Africa’s problems and, more controversially, whether or not itnshould involve itself at all. ‘Human rights is a secular faith,’ writes Young, and thisnfaith is used as a justification for the condemnation of the practices of others andnfor interference in their societies. He takes the issue of female circumcision as annexample of one of the emotive campaigns inspiring activists to pass judgement onnan African practice. This is a powerful reminder that a critical attitude is all thenmore necessary when dealing with such a sensitive subject. Should we impose ourncultural values on others? When is this kind of judgement and interference justified,nif ever? This is a book which constantly suggests alternative ways of thinking; a criticalndistance requires that nothing should be unquestioningly accepted.nThese are sophisticated arguments which could easily become too convoluted forna beginner to follow. Young’s great achievement in this book is the clarity of thenwriting, which communicates academic discussions in straightforward language. Hisnstyle is succinct and very readable; the jargon of social science and developmentnstudies is largely absent, and if terms such as ‘governance’ or ‘civil society’ are necessarynthen they are clearly explained. Equally importantly, he unpacks ideas that arenoften taken for granted, for example ‘human rights’, alerting the reader to the ways innwhich some terms are used to justify particular kinds of politics. The style and thencontent recommend the book both to the general reader and to students embarkingnon an Africa-related course – and the provocative nature of many of Young’s assertionsnmean that it will also be of interest to those who are no longer ‘beginners’.
机译：扬提供了大陆历史的清晰提要，但他却不清楚，历史仍然是一个重要的当代问题，可以为政治目的而操纵。甚至一个“初学者”也可能已经接受了殖民主义的普遍思想，认为它是一个完全应受谴责的事业，而这本书的最大优势之一就是挑战了这种先入之见。作者指出，殖民主义存在着更为积极的方面，并且在19世纪“文明非洲”的辩护理由与当代主张人道主义干预的论点之间存在令人不安的相似之处。 “这种态度对谁有益？”始终是关键问题之一；在这种情况下，扬恩得出结论认为，对殖民历史的消极面不懈的重视会使非洲精英受益，而且常常掩盖了国内的不公正现象。n今天对非洲的讨论同样令人发人深省。最后一章的标题是“局外人可以改变非洲吗？”促使人们对局外世界如何解决非洲问题进行分析，更有争议的是，它是否应该参与其中。扬写道，“人权是一种世俗的信仰，”这一信念被用作谴责他人的行径并干涉他人社会的理由。他以女性割礼为例，这是一次激发积极分子对南非实践作出判断的情感运动的例子。这有力地提醒我们，在与这样一个敏感的对象打交道时，更需要批判的态度。我们应该把我们的文化价值观强加给别人吗？这种判断和干预何时才能成立？这是一本不断提出替代思维方式的书。严格的要求要求毫无疑问地接受任何事物。n这些都是复杂的论点，很容易让初学者难以理解。 Young在这本书中的伟大成就是写作的清晰性，它以简单的语言交流学术讨论。 Hisnstyle简洁易读。社会科学和发展研究的术语基本上不存在，并且如果需要对诸如“治理”或“公民社会”之类的术语进行清楚的解释，则无此术语。同样重要的是，他提出了通常不被认为是理所当然的思想，例如“人权”，提醒读者注意某些术语用来为特定种类的政治辩护的方式。书的风格和内容随后向普通读者和不参加与非洲有关课程的学生推荐这本书-以及扬的许多断言的挑衅性-这也将使那些不再是“初学者”的人感兴趣。

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  • 来源
    《African Affairs》 |2011年第439期|p.306-307|共2页
  • 作者

    Thierry Cruvellier;

  • 作者单位

    International Justice Tribune;

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