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Infrastructural change and secular economic development

机译：基础设施变化与长期经济发展

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Long-term economic development is determined by changes to the infrastructure, especially material and non-material infrastructural networks that link agents in different locations. The infrastructure consists of the slowly changing, collective arena that supports production, exchange, and consumption, such as the built environment, transport networks, and institutions. In the short run the infrastructure can be regarded as fixed. Changes to the infrastructure are under normal conditions small enough to be disregarded by producers and consumers. With the creation of a critical link of a network, there will however be a revolutionary restructuring of the arena. Critical links are here defined as additions to infrastructural networks that create opportunities for new information and transport flows between previously unconnected regions. Such a revolutionary restructuring of infrastructural networks has been called a logistical revolution. Certain institutional pre-conditions are necessary for a logistical revolution, while the creation of a critical link is both a necessary and a sufficient condition. This paper discusses the three logistical revolutions that occurred in the 13th century, around 1600, and in the 19th century, which each had crucial similarities with the current "information revolution."
机译：长期经济发展取决于基础设施的变化，尤其是连接不同位置的主体的物质和非物质基础设施网络。基础设施由变化缓慢的集体竞技场组成，这些竞技场支持生产，交换和消费，例如建筑环境，运输网络和机构。在短期内，可以将基础结构视为固定的。在正常情况下，对基础架构的更改很小，足以被生产者和消费者所忽略。随着网络关键链路的创建，竞技场将发生革命性的重组。关键链接在这里定义为基础设施网络的补充，这些基础设施网络为以前未连接的区域之间的新信息和传输流创造了机会。这种基础设施网络的革命性重组被称为物流革命。后勤革命需要一定的体制先决条件，而建立关键联系既是必要条件，也是充分条件。本文讨论了在13世纪，大约1600年和19世纪发生的三项物流革命，它们各自与当前的“信息革命”具有至关重要的相似性。

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