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Does crowdfunding really foster innovation? Evidence from the board game industry

机译：众筹真的促进创新吗？ 来自董事会游戏行业的证据

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Crowdfunding offers inventors and entrepreneurs alternative access to resources with which they can develop and realize their ideas. Besides helping to secure capital, crowdfunding also connects creators with engaged early supporters who provide public feedback. But does this process foster truly innovative outcomes? Does the proliferation of crowdfunding in an industry make it more innovative overall? Prior studies investigating the link between crowdfunding and innovation do not compare traditional and crowdfunded products and so while claims that crowdfunding supports innovation are theoretically sound, they lack empirical backing. We address this gap using a unique dataset of board games, an industry with significant crowdfunding activity in recent years. Each game is described by how it combines fundamental mechanisms such as dice-rolling, negotiation, and resource-management, from which we develop quantitative measures of innovation in game design. Using these measures to compare games, we find that crowdfunded games tend to be more distinctive from previous games than their traditionally published counterparts. They are also significantly more likely to implement novel combinations of mechanisms. Crowdfunded games are not just transient experiments: subsequent games imitate their novel ideas. These results hold in regression models controlling for game and designer-level confounders. Our findings demonstrate that the innovative potential of crowdfunding goes beyond individual products to entire industries, as new ideas spill over to traditionally funded products.
机译：集资为发明者和企业家，使他们能够开发并实现他们的想法资源替代访问。除了帮助安全的资本，也有群众集资从事早期支持者谁提供公共反馈连接的创造者。但这个过程中培养真正的创新成果？是否在一个行业群众集资的增殖，使其更具创新性的整体？此前的研究调查群众集资和创新之间的联系不比较传统和crowdfunded产品等，同时声称，群众集资支持创新是理论上的声音，他们缺乏实证支持。我们使用的棋盘游戏，有显著集资活动的行业唯一的数据集，近年来弥补这一差距。每场比赛由它如何结合如掷骰，谈判和资源管理，从中我们开拓创新的定量措施在游戏设计的基本机制描述。通过这些措施来比较游戏，我们发现crowdfunded游戏往往是从以前的游戏比传统出版的同行更为鲜明。他们也显著更容易实现的机制，新的组合。 Crowdfunded游戏并不只是短暂的实验：后续游戏模仿他们的新奇的想法。这些结果持有回归模型控制了比赛和设计师级别的混杂因素。我们的研究结果表明，群众集资的创新潜力超越了单个产品到整个行业，新的想法蔓延到传统的投资产品。

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