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Computing

机译：电脑运算

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"Only connect," urged E.M.Forster in his novel Howards End. Connections, of course,are the essence of the Internet. But those connections are still getting stronger, as is clear from looking at the work of the computing-related TR100 honorees. Some are working to improve communication between nearby computer chips or along the optical network. Others are using tiny computers to gather information about the world. Still others hope to translate the ties between machines into ties that bind people, coming up with better ways to form communities. Computer chips are relentlessly getting smaller, more densely packed, and faster. But the wires that carry data from one chip to another remain relatively big and slow."The bottleneck is now the bandwidth between parts of the system," says Sun Microsystems engineer Robert Drost, who has pioneered a method of chip-to-chip communication that eschews wires.When a bit flips on one chip, it causes a change in the surrounding electrical field, which can be sensed by an adjoining chip and translated into a bit flip there.This approach will be key to the performance of Sun's future supercomputers. Light waves already zap data and voice traffic across the Internet and the telephone network. But try to send the data any faster and the light interacts with the glass optical fibers in ways that smear the optical pulse, lowering the rate at which bits can be transmitted. Increased data speed will be needed for applications such as remote surgical procedures, to say nothing of all the people who have not yet begun to blog."
机译：福斯特（E.M. Forster）在他的长篇小说“ Howards End”中敦促他说：“只有联系。当然，连接是Internet的本质。但是，从与计算机相关的TR100受奖者的工作来看，这些联系仍在不断加强。一些公司正在努力改善附近计算机芯片之间或沿光网络的通信。其他人则使用微型计算机来收集有关世界的信息。还有一些人希望将机器之间的联系转变成可以约束人的联系，提出更好的方式来形成社区。计算机芯片正在不断变得越来越小，封装越来越密，速度越来越快。但是将数据从一个芯片传送到另一个芯片的导线仍然相对较大且较慢。“瓶颈现在是系统各部分之间的带宽，” Sun Microsystems工程师罗伯特·德罗斯特（Robert Drost）说，他率先开发了芯片间通信方法当一块芯片上的位翻转时，会引起周围电场的变化，相邻的芯片可以感知到该电场的变化并将其转换为位翻转。这种方法将是Sun未来超级计算机性能的关键。光波已经破坏了Internet和电话网络上的数据和语音流量。但是，尝试以更快的速度发送数据，并且光会以模糊光脉冲的方式与玻璃光纤相互作用，从而降低比特的传输速率。对于诸如远程手术程序之类的应用，将需要提高数据速度，更不用说所有尚未开始写博客的人了。”

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