Material World

Mike Orcutt

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Material World

机译：物质世界

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Wind turbines, electric vehicles, light-emitting diodes, flat-screen displays, and solar panels all rely on elements that are mined and refined in just a few countries and traded in small quantities. Demand for many of these elements is expected to grow rapidly as these technologies become more commonly used, and impending supply constraints could hold back their growth. As the wind-power industry expands, for example, demand for the rare-earth element neodymium, a crucial ingredient in the high-strength magnets used in wind turbines, is projected to outstrip supply by 16 percent in 2014. (China controls 97 percent of global production of rare-earth elements.)

机译：风力涡轮机，电动汽车，发光二极管，平面显示器和太阳能电池板都依赖于仅在少数几个国家中开采和精制且少量交易的元素。随着这些技术的日益普及，对这些要素中许多要素的需求预计将迅速增长，并且即将出现的供应限制可能会阻碍其发展。例如，随着风电行业的发展，对稀土元素钕的需求将成为供应商，稀土元素钕是风力涡轮机中使用的高强度磁体的关键成分，预计2014年其供应将超过16％。（中国控制着97％全球稀土元素产量的百分比。）

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《Technology Review》 |2011年第4期|p.24-25|共2页
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Mike Orcutt;
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7. Figure 6: (A) Tree resulted the standard MP analysis of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) constructed using the modified summary of Lehtonen et al. (2011) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details) and a posteriori rooted relatively Papio (length = 12,092, CI = 0.7877, RI = 0.5597); 34,022 characters are constant, and the number of the parsimony-informative characters is equal to 4,311. MP BS values are provided below branches. The only characters with non-ambiguous value of the outgroup (Papio) have been saved within concatenated alignment; (B) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00084 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 5,507 trees derived from the binary representation of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details); Papio is assumed to be the best all-plesiomorphic group. “Additional…” FORESTER’s output tree file (see “Materials and Methods” for the details) selected for future analyses; (C) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00090 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 5,339 trees derived from the modified binary representation of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) (see 6.I. and “Materials and Methods” for the details), but with all 168 trees, which contain the clade (Homo plus Pan) have been removed from the input forest. “Additional…” FORESTER’s output tree file (see “Materials and Methods”) selected for future analyses. [O] . -1

机译：图6：（A）树导致的标准MP分析的98-基因座的类人猿（人科，灵长类动物，哺乳动物），使用莱赫托宁等人的修改的摘要构成的超级矩阵。（2011）（参见细节“材料和方法”）以及相对植根狒狒后验概率（长度= 12092，CI = 0.7877，RI = 0.5597）; 34022个字符是恒定的，并且简约信息的字符数等于4311。下面提供分支MP BS值。与外类群（狒狒）的非模糊值的唯一的字符已被保存的级联对准内; （B）的得分0.00084的平均一致树导致从巨猿（原始人类，灵长类动物，哺乳动物）的98座超级矩阵的二进制表示获得的5507棵的Hennigian森林的分析（见“材料和方法”为细节）;狒狒被认为是最好的全祖征群。 “其他...” FORESTER的输出树文件（请参阅详细信息“材料和方法”），用于进一步的分析; （C）的分数0.00090的平均一致树导致从98个位点的类人猿（人科，灵长类动物，哺乳动物）的超级矩阵（见6.I的改性二进制表示导出的5339种树木的Hennigian森林的分析以及“材料和方法”的详细说明），但所有168棵，其中包含的分支（智人加PAN）已经从输入林中删除。 “其他...” FORESTER的输出树文件（参见“材料和方法”），用于进一步的分析。

Material World

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