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A Method to Bound the Number of Active S-Boxes for a Kind of AES-Like Structure

机译:一种约束类似AES结构的主动S盒数的方法

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摘要

Due to the strong security and high performance of the AES block cipher, many hash functions take AES-like structures as building blocks. To evaluate the security of these AES-like structures against differential cryptanalysis, giving the lower bounds on the number of active S-boxes in a differential trail, is an important perspective. However, the original 'wide-trail strategy' for AES becomes less effective to get tight bounds for these AES-like structures, because of the different state dimensions (M x M-2, instead of M x M) and different round functions from AES. In this paper, we focus on a kind of AES-like structure with state dimensions M x M-2, diffusion-optimal permutations and MixColumns transformations using MDS matrices. Inspired by the 'wide-trail strategy', we propose a theoretical method to count active S-boxes, by which we prove that there are at least rB(d) (B-d - 1) active S-boxes in any 2r (r >= 3) rounds of such an AES-like structure, where Bd is the differential branch number of the MixColumns transformation and equals to M + 1. What's more, this lower bound can be achieved by some diffusion layers. As examples, we apply our method to the LANE hash function and 3D block cipher, optimal lower bounds are both got.
机译:由于AES块密码的强大安全性和高性能,许多哈希函数将类似AES的结构作为构造块。为了评估这些类似AES的结构针对差分密码分析的安全性,给出差分路径中活动S盒数量的下限,是一个重要的观点。但是,由于状态尺寸不同(M x M-2,而不是M x M)以及不同的舍入函数,AES的原始“宽轨策略”变得难以有效地获得这些类似于AES的结构的界限。 AES。在本文中,我们重点研究一种状态尺寸为M x M-2的类似于AES的结构,使用MDS矩阵的扩散最优排列和MixColumns变换。受“宽轨战略”的启发,我们提出了一种计算活动S盒的理论方法,通过该方法,我们证明了在任何2r(r> r>中至少有rB(d)(Bd-1)个活动S盒。 = 3)这样的类似AES的结构轮,其中Bd是MixColumns变换的差分分支数,等于M +1。此外,此下限可以通过某些扩散层来实现。作为示例,我们将我们的方法应用于LANE哈希函数和3D分组密码,均获得了最佳下界。

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