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Improving the Efficiency of Biowaste Torrefaction

机译：提高生物废物烘焙效率

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Russia faces an important environmental challenge associated with the accumulation of a large amount of biowaste due to the lack of technologies for their efficient processing. In particular, the intensive development of aviculture in Russia, including poultry farming, in the coming years will lead to the need of processing significant amounts of poultry manure and poultry litter. One of the options for litter disposal is its processing into biofuel suitable for the production of heat energy for the needs of poultry farms themselves and for outside consumers. However, with this option, the disposal of litter requires its disinfection, for example, by the method of torrefaction. However, the existing torrefaction technologies are characterized by a considerable process duration. A new method of torrefaction has been proposed and comparative studies have been carried out on the process of poultry litter torrefaction in a fixed bed under a nitrogen blanket (dry torrefaction) and in a fluidized manure bed pretreated in superheated steam (wet torrefaction). After both methods following heat treatment, manure samples are obtained, the mass of which is decreased twice due to an almost threefold decrease in the oxygen content, which, along with an increase in the carbon content and a decrease in the amount of moisture, causes the fuel efficiency of the manure. The manure torrefaction in a fluidized bed also makes it possible to significantly (four times) speed up the process. Technical solutions are proposed to solve the issues of full or partial recovery of energy costs related to the production of superheated steam due to the processing of gaseous torrefaction products into syngas using hot biochar thermal cracking.
机译：由于缺乏有效处理技术，俄罗斯面临着与大量生物废料积累相关的重要环境挑战。特别是在未来几年中，俄罗斯在包括禽类养殖在内的航空业的集约化发展将导致需要加工大量的禽畜粪便和家禽垃圾。垃圾处理的一种选择是将其加工成生物燃料，以满足家禽养殖场自身和外部消费者的需求来生产热能。但是，使用该选项，垃圾的处理需要对其进行消毒，例如通过干法消毒。然而，现有的烘焙技术的特征在于相当长的过程持续时间。提出了一种新的焙干方法，并在氮气覆盖下的固定床中（干焙干）和在过热蒸汽中预处理的流化肥料床（湿焙干）中对家禽垃圾的焙干过程进行了比较研究。经过两种方法的热处理后，获得的粪便样品由于氧含量几乎降低了三倍而质量下降了两倍，这与碳含量的增加和水分含量的减少导致肥料的燃油效率。在流化床中进行粪肥烘烤还可以显着（四倍）加快该过程。提出了技术解决方案以解决由于使用热生物炭热裂解将气态干馏产物加工成合成气而导致的与产生过热蒸汽有关的能源成本的全部或部分回收的问题。

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