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首页> 外文期刊>Thermal engineering >Determining the Minimum Allowable Wastewater Purification before Discharging with Allowance for the Harmful Effect Summation
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Determining the Minimum Allowable Wastewater Purification before Discharging with Allowance for the Harmful Effect Summation

机译：测定在用余量施加有害效果总结之前净化最小允许废水净化

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The procedure and examples of determining the standard (minimum allowable) wastewater purification η, the minimum allowable concentrations of substances in the discharged water c _(st), and the permissible discharge standards are considered. It is shown in the context of potential effect of several substances, taking into account the harmful effect summation, that it is possible to determine only one unknown ( c _(st)). Two analytical methods have been obtained for solving the problem of calculating the standard purification rate η: for all substances (subject to the unknown η_(1)= η_(2)= η_(3)=… or the relations between them are equal) and for determining η only for one substance, for example, the first η_(1)(subject to the value assignment for other η_(2), η_(3), …). In general, the problem of determining η does not have an unambiguous solution since the choice of one of two types of solutions, as well as substances for which the desired η should be set or calculated, requires an independent technical and economic study. The possibility is established for using the normalized concentration for the summation of substance effects in solving the inverse problems of calculating the wastewater dilution in water bodies. To illustrate the effect of harmful summation on the safety of discharges and methodology testing, a calculation example of the purification degree η of technical wastewater containing two substances, for example fluorine and hydrazine, is given. In addition to fluorine and hydrazine, the water body contained a third substance, formaldehyde, which was absent in wastewater. All the substances have the harmful effect summation. The possible ratios η_(1)and η_(2)are calculated (for fluorine and hydrazine, respectively), at which the discharge of these substances will be safe for the water body. It is shown that the harmful effect summation significantly affects the standard wastewater purification degree.
机译：确定标准（最小允许）废水净化η，排出水C _（ST）中的最小允许浓度的程序和实例，以及允许的排出标准。表明在几种物质的潜在效果的背景下，考虑到有害效果总结，可以只确定一个未知（C _（ST））。已经获得了两个分析方法来解决计算标准净化速率η的问题η：对于所有物质（受未知η_（1）=η_（2）=η_（3）= ...或它们之间的关系等于）并且仅针对一种物质确定η，例如，第一η_（1）（受到其他η_（2），η_（3），...）的值。通常，确定η的问题由于选择两种类型的溶液中的一种，以及应设定或计算所需η的物质，因此不具有明确的溶液，需要独立的技术和经济研究。建立了使用标准化浓度的可能性，以解决计算水体中废水稀释的逆问题。为了说明有害求和对放电和方法测试的安全的影响，给出了含有两种物质的技术废水的净化度η的计算实例，例如氟和肼。除了氟和肼，水体含有第三种物质，甲醛，其在废水中不存在。所有物质都有有害影响求和。计算可能的比率η_（1）和η_（2）（分别用于氟和肼），在该物质的放电对水体安全。结果表明，有害效果总结显着影响标准废水净化程度。

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