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Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to produce biofuels: state of the art and future prospects

机译：微藻的水热液化生产生物燃料的技术现状和未来前景

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The article presents a review of the state of the art and lines of research on hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae (MA). The main advantages of this technology for production of biofuel are that it does not require predrying of the feedstock and ensures a relatively high product yield—the ratio of the end product weight to the feedstock weight—owing to the fact that all the microalgal components, viz., lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, are converted into biofuel. MA hydrothermal liquefaction is considered to be a promising technology for conversion of biomass and is a subject of a series of research studies and, judging by the available publications, the scope of research in this field is expanding currently. However, many significant problems remain unsolved. In particular, an active searched is being conducted for suitable strains that will ensure not only a high lipid yield—necessary to convert microalgae into biodiesel—but also higher biomass productivity and a higher biofuel yield; the chemical reactions that occur during the hydrothermal treatment are being studied; and the effect of significant process variables, such as temperature, heating rate, holdup time at the maximum temperature, biomass concentration in the water suspension, biochemical and elemental compositions of the microalgae, use of catalysts, etc., on the liquefaction processes is being studied. One of the urgent tasks is also the reduction of the nitrogen content in the resulting biofuel. Studies aimed at the development of a continuous process and rational heat-processing plants for thermal microalgal conversion are being conducted to increase the energy efficiency of the HTL process, in particular, to provide the heat recovery and separation of the end product.
机译：本文介绍了微藻（MA）的水热液化（HTL）的技术现状和研究方向。该技术用于生产生物燃料的主要优点在于，由于所有微藻类成分的存在，它不需要对原料进行预干燥，并确保了较高的产品产量（最终产品重量与原料重量的比值）。即脂质，蛋白质和碳水化合物被转化为生物燃料。 MA水热液化被认为是一种用于转化生物质的有前途的技术，并且是一系列研究的主题，根据现有出版物的判断，该领域的研究范围目前正在扩大。但是，许多重大问题仍未解决。特别是，正在积极寻找合适的菌株，这些菌株不仅将确保高脂质产量（将微藻转化为生物柴油所必需的），而且还将确保更高的生物量生产率和更高的生物燃料产量；正在研究在水热处理过程中发生的化学反应；并正在影响重要的工艺变量，例如温度，加热速率，最高温度下的保持时间，水悬浮液中的生物质浓度，微藻的生化和元素组成，催化剂的使用等，对液化过程的影响研究。紧迫的任务之一也是降低所得生物燃料中的氮含量。正在进行旨在开发连续工艺和用于热微藻类转化的合理热处理工厂的研究，以提高HTL工艺的能源效率，特别是提供最终产品的热回收和分离。

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