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Investigation of Heat Exchangers for Energy Conversion Systems of Megawatt-Class Space Power Plants

机译：兆瓦级空间发电厂能量转换系统换热器的研究

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摘要

The specifics of operation (high temperatures in excess of 1000 K and large pressure drops of several megapascals between "hot" and "cold" coolant paths) of heat exchangers in the closed circuit of a gas-turbine power converter operating in accordance with the Brayton cycle with internal heat recovery are analyzed in the context of construction of space propulsion systems. The design of a heat-exchange matrix made from doubly convex stamped plates with a specific surface relief is proposed. This design offers the opportunity to construct heat exchangers with the required parameters (strength, rigidity, weight, and dimensions) for the given operating conditions. The diagram of the working area of a test bench is presented, and the experimental techniques are outlined. The results of experimental studies of heat exchange and flow regimes in the models of heat exchangers with matrices containing 50 and 300 plates for two pairs of coolants (gas-gas and gas-liquid) are detailed. A criterion equation for the Nusselt number in the range of Reynolds numbers from 200 to 20 000 is proposed. The coefficients of hydraulic resistance for each coolant path are determined as functions of the Reynolds number. It is noted that the pressure in the water path in the "gas-liquid" series of experiments remained almost constant. This suggests that no well-developed processes of vaporization occurred within this heat-exchange matrix design even when the temperature drop between gas and water was as large as tens or hundreds of degrees. The obtained results allow one to design flight heat exchangers for various space power plants.
机译：根据布雷顿（Brayton）运行的燃气轮机功率转换器闭环中的热交换器的运行细节（超过1000 K的高温和“热”和“冷”冷却剂路径之间的几兆帕的大压降）在建造空间推进系统的背景下分析了具有内部热量回收的循环。提出了由具有特定表面浮雕的双凸压印板制成的热交换矩阵的设计。这种设计提供了在给定的运行条件下构造具有所需参数（强度，刚度，重量和尺寸）的热交换器的机会。给出了测试台的工作区域图，并概述了实验技术。详细介绍了在热交换器模型中热交换和流动状态的实验研究结果，该模型具有用于两对冷却剂（气-气和气-液）的包含50和300块板的矩阵。提出了雷诺数在200至20000范围内的Nusselt数的标准方程。根据雷诺数确定每个冷却剂路径的液压阻力系数。注意在“气-液”系列实验中水路径中的压力几乎保持恒定。这表明即使在气体和水之间的温度降高达数十或数百度的情况下，在这种热交换矩阵设计中也没有发生任何发达的汽化过程。获得的结果使人们可以设计用于各种空间动力装置的飞行热交换器。

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