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A novel approach for monitoring tobacco use in local communities by wastewater analysis

机译：通过废水分析监测当地社区烟草使用的新方法

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摘要

Objective We propose a novel approach for measuring tobacco use in a community through the chemical analysis of nicotine metabolites in urban wastewater. It offers frequent monitoring and 'real-time', 'evidence-based' estimates of tobacco consumption which may complement epidemiological surveillance systems normally repeated only every few years. Methods Two urinary metabolites of nicotine, namely cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, were selected as biomarkers of tobacco consumption in urban wastewater. During smoking, a known amount of nicotine is absorbed and after metabolism excreted as metabolites in urine, ending up in the wastewater; quantitative analysis of the metabolites in the wastewater allows back-calculation of the nicotine collectively absorbed by the population producing the sewage and, indirectly, their tobacco use. Representative samples of wastewater were collected from sewage treatment plants in eight Italian cities and analysed by mass spectrometry. Mass loads of the metabolites were used to estimate nicotine consumption. Results Wastewater analysis in the cities under study was used to estimate the number of cigarettes smoked, in order to compare the results of this study with those obtained from population surveys. The number of cigarettes calculated with the two methods were closely comparable and wastewater analysis was sufficiently sensitive to confirm the differences in tobacco consumption between northern and southern Italy, previously described in population surveys. Conclusions The described approach can serve as a supplementary indicator of tobacco consumption in local communities. This approach can provide objective and updated information, which are useful to assess the efficacy of tobacco-control interventions, with the aim of designing and implementing effective tobacco control plans.
机译：目的我们提出一种通过对城市废水中尼古丁代谢物进行化学分析来测量社区烟草使用的新方法。它提供了对烟草消费的频繁监测和“实时”，“基于证据”的估计，这可以补充通常每隔几年重复一次的流行病学监测系统。方法选择烟碱中的两种尿代谢产物可替宁和反式3'-羟基烟碱，作为城市废水中烟草消费的生物标志物。在吸烟过程中，已知量的尼古丁被吸收，代谢后作为代谢产物排入尿液，最终排入废水中。废水中代谢物的定量分析可以对产生污水的人群集体吸收的尼古丁进行反算，并间接计算其烟草使用量。从意大利八个城市的污水处理厂收集了代表性的废水样品，并通过质谱分析。代谢物的质量负荷用于估算尼古丁的消耗量。结果使用所研究城市的废水分析来估计吸烟量，以便将本研究的结果与人口调查获得的结果进行比较。两种方法计算的卷烟数量具有可比性，废水分析足够敏感，可以确认意大利北部和南部之间的烟草消费差异，这在人口调查中已有描述。结论上述方法可作为当地社区烟草消费的补充指标。这种方法可以提供客观和最新的信息，这些信息可用于评估控烟干预措施的有效性，以设计和实施有效的控烟计划。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第1期|38-42|共5页
  • 作者

    Sara Castiglioni; Ivan Senta; Andrea Borsotti; Enrico Davoli; Ettore Zuccato;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Via La Masa 19, Milan 20156, Italy;

    Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy;

    Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy;

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