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Smoking status, nicotine dependence and happiness in nine countries of the former Soviet Union

机译：前苏联九个国家的吸烟状况，尼古丁依赖和幸福感

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Background The US Food and Drug Administration has established a policy of substantially discounting the health benefits of reduced smoking in its evaluation of proposed regulations because of the cost to smokers of the supposed lost pleasure they suffer by no longer smoking. This study used data from nine countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU) to explore this association in a setting characterised by high rates of (male) smoking and smoking-related mortality. Methods Data came from a cross-sectional population-based study undertaken in 2010/2011 in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. Information was collected from 18 000 respondents aged ≥18 on smoking status (never, ex-smoking and current smoking), cessation attempts and nicotine dependence. The association between these variables and self-reported happiness was examined using ordered probit regression analysis. Results In a pooled country analysis, never smokers and ex-smokers were both significantly happier than current smokers. Smokers with higher levels of nicotine dependence were significantly less happy than those with a low level of dependence. Conclusions This study contradicts the idea that smoking is associated with greater happiness. Moreover, of relevance for policy in the fSU countries, given the lack of public knowledge about the detrimental effects of smoking on health but widespread desire to quit reported in recent research, the finding that smoking is associated with lower levels of happiness should be incorporated in future public health efforts to help encourage smokers to quit by highlighting that smoking cessation may result in better physical and emotional health.
机译：背景技术美国食品和药物管理局在其对拟议法规的评估中已经制定了大幅降低减少吸烟对健康有益的政策，因为吸烟者因不再吸烟而遭受的所谓的丧失快感所付出的代价。这项研究使用了前苏联（fSU）的9个国家/地区的数据来探讨这种联系，这种情况的特征是（男性）吸烟率高和与吸烟有关的死亡率。方法数据来自于2010/2011年在亚美尼亚，阿塞拜疆，白俄罗斯，格鲁吉亚，哈萨克斯坦，吉尔吉斯斯坦，摩尔多瓦，俄罗斯和乌克兰进行的基于人群的横断面研究。从18000岁以上18岁的受访者中收集了有关吸烟状况（从不，戒烟和现在吸烟），戒烟尝试和尼古丁依赖的信息。使用有序概率回归分析检查了这些变量与自我报告的幸福之间的关联。结果在汇总的国家/地区分析中，从不吸烟者和前吸烟者都比现在的吸烟者幸福得多。吸烟者对尼古丁的依赖程度较高，而吸烟者对烟碱的依赖程度较低。结论本研究与吸烟与更大幸福感相关的观点相矛盾。此外，鉴于前苏联国家的政策相关性，鉴于公众对吸烟对健康的不利影响的了解不足，但最近研究报告称人们普遍希望戒烟，因此，应该将吸烟与幸福感降低相关的发现纳入研究范围。未来的公共卫生工作通过强调戒烟可能会改善身体和情绪健康，来帮助鼓励吸烟者戒烟。

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  • 来源
    《Tobacco control》 |2015年第2期|190-197|共8页
  • 作者

    Andrew Stickley; Ai Koyanagi; Bayard Roberts; Mall Leinsalu; Yevgeniy Goryakin; Martin McKee;

  • 作者单位

    European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK,Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, (SCOHOST), Soedertoern University, Huddinge 141 89, Sweden,Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;

    Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ, Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain;

    European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;

    Stockholm Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (SCOHOST), Soedertoern University, Huddinge, Sweden,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia;

    Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK;

    European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK;

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