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Epidemiology of the third wave of tobacco litigation in the United States, 1994-2005

机译：1994-2005年美国第三次烟草诉讼浪潮的流行病学

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Objective: To describe the epidemiology of litigation against the tobacco industry in the United States during the years 1994-2005 (described as the "third wave" of tobacco litigation). "Epidemiology" refers to the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations. We apply the term "epidemiology" to the litigation context for purposes of characterising qualitatively and, to the extent possible, quantitatively the variety of cases litigated against tobacco manufacturers and allied tobacco interests during the third wave and their impact on the tobacco industry. Methods: The data for this paper come from legal cases identified in the Tobacco Deposition and Trial Testimony Archive (DATTA) collection (http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta), transcripts of testimony and related documents found in DATTA, government-mandated reports filed by tobacco manufacturers with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, investment company reports, reports and analyses published by the news media, a variety of informational documents produced by the Tobacco Control Resource Center at the Northeastern University School of Law, and legal settlement documents provided by the National Association of Attorneys General. Results: The US tobacco industry faced a far greater number of lawsuits, and a greater variety of types of lawsuit, between 1994 and 2005 than it had in previous years. Plaintiffs won 31 (41%) of the 75 cases that were tried to verdict during the years 1995-2005. Seven plaintiffs have been paid awards totalling US$115 million, including interest, following the exhaustion of appeals. Based on an evaluation of litigation brought against US industry leader Philip Morris, the total number of cases pending peaked in 2000, dropping off modestly since then. For example, 36 class actions were pending in 2000, while 33 were pending in 2005. In the same time period, individual actions fell from a total of 3385 to 2863. While the playing field has been levelled to some degree in the tobacco litigation arena with respect to the resources brought to bear by plaintiffs and defendants, tobacco industry defendants continue to employ far greater financial and human resources than their adversaries. Conclusions: The third wave of tobacco litigation has represented a sea change in efforts to hold the tobacco industry in the United States accountable in American courtrooms. While tobacco manufacturers continue to do their utmost to make these cases difficult to pursue, many of the cases that have gone to trial have met with success in recent years, which suggests that plaintiffs' lawyers are now better equipped to persuade juries of the defendants' culpability.
机译：目的：描述1994-2005年美国针对烟草业的诉讼流行病学（称为“第三波”烟草诉讼）。 “流行病学”是指研究人群中疾病的分布和决定因素。我们将“流行病学”一词应用到诉讼环境中，以定性地，并在可能的范围内，定量地描述第三波浪潮中针对烟草制造商和联盟烟草利益的诉讼案件的种类及其对烟草业的影响。方法：本文的数据来自在烟草沉积和审判证词档案馆（DATTA）馆藏（http://tobaccodocuments.org/datta）中确定的法律案件，在DATTA中找到的证词笔录和相关文件，政府授权的报告烟草制造商向美国证券交易委员会提交的文件，投资公司的报告，新闻媒体发布的报告和分析，东北大学法学院烟草控制资源中心制作的各种信息文件以及提供的法律解决文件由国家总检察长协会。结果：与前几年相比，1994年至2005年间，美国烟草业面临着更多的诉讼和各种类型的诉讼。在1995年至2005年间尝试判决的75起案件中，原告赢得了31起（41％）。上诉结束后，有7名原告获得了总额为1.15亿美元的赔偿，包括利息。根据对美国行业领袖Philip Morris提起的诉讼评估，未决案件总数在2000年达到顶峰，此后有所下降。例如，2000年有36项集体诉讼正在审理中，而2005年有33项悬而未决。在同一时期，个人诉讼总数从3385项下降到2863项。尽管在烟草诉讼领域，竞争环境有所改善。关于原告和被告拥有的资源，烟草业的被告继续使用比对手更多的财力和人力资源。结论：第三波烟草诉讼代表了使美国烟草业在美国法庭上承担责任的努力的巨变。尽管烟草制造商继续尽最大努力使这些案件难以追究，但近年来已审理的许多案件都取得了成功，这表明原告的律师现在更有能力说服被告人的陪审团。有罪。

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