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首页> 外文期刊>Transport in Porous Media >The Presence of Hydraulic Barriers in Layered Snowpacks: TOUGH2 Simulations and Estimated Diversion Lengths
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The Presence of Hydraulic Barriers in Layered Snowpacks: TOUGH2 Simulations and Estimated Diversion Lengths

机译：分层积雪中液压障碍的存在：TOUGH2模拟和估计的分流长度

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The distribution of snow across a landscape is an important component in the hydrologic cycle of many mountainous watersheds. Snow-dominated streams will vary in timing and volume of peak flow depending on when the snow melts and the lag time for the meltwater to reach the stream. As a snowpack accumulates during winter months, variable layers with different hydraulic properties can form hydraulic barriers. Hydraulic barriers were simulated in this study using data from three snow pits located in the Spring Creek Intensive Study Area (part of the NASA CLPX dataset) of Colorado. Data for north, south, and relatively flat aspect slopes were chosen to represent the variable metamorphism that occurs under different conditions. Simulations were conducted at steady-state infiltration rates of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mm/h using the EOS9 module of TOUGH2. Additional diversion length estimates were calculated using existing soil physics approximations for capillary barriers. Results demonstrate that conditions are present within a layered snowpack to produce multiple permeability and capillary barriers, though capillary barriers were only identified in simulations on the north aspect snowpack. Diversion lengths of capillary barriers ranged from 1.0 m to greater than 25 m, and permeability barriers ranged from 2.5 to 9.5 m. Furthermore, a grain size of 0.6 mm or less in the layer above an interface is necessary to produce a capillary barrier. These results suggest that during snowmelt water has high potential to be redistributed downslope prior to infiltrating the ground surface. A better understanding of a snowpack as porous media will improve future hydrologic modeling.
机译：雪在整个景观中的分布是许多山区流域水文循环的重要组成部分。取决于雪融化的时间和融化水到达河流的滞后时间，以雪为主的河流在峰值流量的时间和流量上会有所不同。随着冬季积雪的堆积，具有不同水力特性的可变层会形成水力屏障。在这项研究中，使用来自科罗拉多州Spring Creek密集研究区（NASA CLPX数据集的一部分）的三个雪坑的数据对水力屏障进行了模拟。选择北，南和相对平坦的坡度数据来表示在不同条件下发生的可变变质作用。使用TOUGH2的EOS9模块以0.1、1.0和5.0mm / h的稳态渗透率进行了模拟。使用现有的毛细屏障的土壤物理近似值，可以计算出其他的导流长度估算值。结果表明，分层积雪中存在产生多重渗透性和毛细屏障的条件，尽管毛细屏障仅在北侧积雪的模拟中得以识别。毛细管屏障的转移长度范围为1.0 m至大于25 m，渗透屏障的范围为2.5至9.5 m。此外，在界面上方的层中必须有0.6毫米或更小的晶粒尺寸才能产生毛细屏障。这些结果表明，在融雪期间，水有很大的潜力在渗透到地面之前重新分布到下坡。对积雪作为多孔介质的更好理解将改善未来的水文模型。

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