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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation research >Training interventions are only effective on careful drivers, not careless drivers
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Training interventions are only effective on careful drivers, not careless drivers

机译：培训干预措施仅对谨慎的驾驶员有效，而对粗心的驾驶员无效

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Drivers aged 16-24 are overrepresented in fatal crashes compared to middle-aged, more experienced drivers. This age-related difference in crash rates partly arises from younger drivers' poorer performance on three cognitive skills known to be related to crash involvement: hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation and attention maintenance. Training programs have been shown effective at improving these skills within a short period of time. However, young drivers are not homogenous and they have different driving styles. The driving styles can interact with driving skills by influencing both their acquisition and, once acquired, their execution. A study was undertaken on a driving simulator to determine whether the effectiveness of an already existing training program aimed at improving the three above mentioned skills is moderated by driving style. In particular, drivers were classified as either careful or careless drivers based both on their scores on measures designed to evaluate two general traits relevant to discriminating between careful and careless drivers (sensation seeking and aggressiveness) as well as on their scores designed to evaluate driving specific behaviors that discriminate between careful and careless drivers (aggressive driving behaviors and driving violations and errors). It was found that training improved the hazard anticipation and attention maintenance performance of only the careful drivers, not the careless drivers. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：与中年，更有经验的驾驶员相比，年龄在16-24岁之间的驾驶员在致命事故中所占的比例更高。这种与年龄相关的坠毁率差异部分是由于年轻驾驶员在与撞车事故有关的三种认知技能上的表现较差：危险预期，减轻危害和保持注意力。实践证明，培训计划可在短时间内有效提高这些技能。但是，年轻的驾驶员并不是同质的，他们有不同的驾驶方式。驾驶风格可以通过影响驾驶技能的获取和执行（一旦被获取）来与驾驶技能互动。对驾驶模拟器进行了一项研究，以确定驾驶风格是否会削弱旨在改善上述三种技能的现有培训计划的有效性。尤其是，根据旨在评估与区分谨慎和粗心驾驶员（感觉寻求和进取）有关的两个一般特征的得分以及旨在评估特定驾驶习惯的得分，驾驶员被分为谨慎驾驶员和粗心驾驶员区分谨慎驾驶员和粗心驾驶员的行为（侵略性驾驶行为以及驾驶违规和错误）。结果发现，培训只提高了小心驾驶者的危险预期和注意维持性能，而没有提高不小心驾驶者的危害。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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