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Long-term differential effects of transport infrastructure investment in rural areas

机译：农村交通基础设施投资的长期差异效应

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摘要

European and national transport policies identify territorial cohesion as their main goal. However, the lack of attention to infra-regional relationships has complicated the understanding of the diverse repercussions of these policies on the economic and social equity of rural areas over time. Long-term assessments of transport effects in these less studied areas, which cover more than two thirds of the European territory, are essential to identify common problems associated with transport investments and to detect potential strategies to confront their future challenges. This paper, analyses the effects of transport policy development in the Spanish Northwest Area over the last 20 years, where about 95% of municipalities are considered rural. The assessment focuses on the spatial effects of transport development, using a Geographical Information System (GIS), and inequality and correlation analyses of accessibility, demographic and economic indicators. Results show that while the accessibility gap between urban and rural areas was reinforced by the construction of high-capacity infrastructures during the first half of the study period, the completion of the network during the second decade balanced this situation, enabling a more equitable access to basic services, goods and opportunities. However, these improvements have not been enough to reverse the initial lagging inertia of the rural areas and to reduce their socioeconomic disadvantages against urban ones.
机译：欧洲和国家的运输政策将地区凝聚力作为其主要目标。然而，随着时间的流逝，对区域间关系的缺乏关注使人们对这些政策对农村地区经济和社会平等的不同影响的理解变得复杂。在这些研究较少的地区（占欧洲领土的三分之二以上），对运输影响进行长期评估，对于确定与运输投资有关的常见问题以及发现应对其未来挑战的潜在战略至关重要。本文分析了过去20年中西班牙西北地区交通政策发展的影响，其中约95％的城市被认为是农村。该评估使用地理信息系统（GIS）着重于运输发展的空间影响，以及可及性，人口和经济指标的不平等和相关性分析。结果表明，尽管在研究期的上半年，高容量基础设施的建设加剧了城乡之间的可及性差距，但第二个十年中网络的建成平衡了这种情况，从而使人们更公平地获得基本服务，商品和机会。但是，这些改进还不足以扭转农村地区最初滞后的惯性并减少其对城市地区的社会经济劣势。

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