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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research >Life cycle assessment of city buses powered by electricity, hydrogenated vegetable oil or diesel
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Life cycle assessment of city buses powered by electricity, hydrogenated vegetable oil or diesel

机译：电力，氢化植物油或柴油驱动的城市公交车的生命周期评估

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This study explores life cycle environmental impacts of city buses, depending on the: (1) degree of electrification; (2) electricity supply mix, for chargeable options; and (3) choice of diesel or hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), a biodiesel, for options with combustion engine. It is a case study, which uses industry data to investigate the impact on climate change, a key driver for electrification, and a wider set of impacts, for average operation in Sweden, the European Union and the United States of America. The results show that non-chargeable hybrid electric vehicles provide clear climate change mitigation potential compared to conventional buses, regardless of the available fuel being diesel or HVO. When fueling with HVO, plug-in hybrid and all-electric buses provide further benefits for grid intensities below 200 g CO2 eq./kWh. For diesel, the all electric option is preferable up to 750 g CO2 eq./kWh. This is the case despite batteries and other electric powertrain parts causing an increase of CO2 emissions from vehicle production. However, material processing to make common parts, i.e. chassis, frame and body, dominates the production load for all models. Consequently, city buses differ from passenger cars, where the battery packs play a larger role. In regard to other airborne pollutants, the all-electric bus has the best potential to reduce impacts overall, but the results depend on the amount of fossil fuels and combustion processes in the electricity production. For toxic emissions and resource use, the extraction of metals and fossil fuels calls for attention.
机译：这项研究根据以下方面探讨了城市公交车的生命周期对环境的影响：（1）电气化程度； （2）电力供应结构，收费选项； （3）选择柴油或氢化植物油（HVO）（一种生物柴油）作为内燃机的选择。这是一个案例研究，它使用行业数据来调查对气候变化的影响，电气化的主要驱动力以及更广泛的影响，以确保瑞典，欧盟和美利坚合众国的平均运转。结果表明，与传统的公交车相比，不可充电的混合动力电动汽车提供了明显的缓解气候变化的潜力，无论可用的燃料是柴油还是HVO。当使用HVO加油时，插电式混合动力和全电动客车为电网强度低于200 g CO2当量/千瓦时的电网提供了更多优势。对于柴油，全电选项最高可达750 g CO2当量/ kWh。尽管电池和其他动力总成零件导致车辆生产中的CO2排放量增加，情况仍是如此。但是，用于制造通用零件（即底盘，框架和车身）的材料加工控制着所有型号的生产负荷。因此，城市公交车不同于乘用车，后者在电池组中起着更大的作用。关于其他空气中的污染物，全电动公交车具有最大的潜力来减少总体影响，但其结果取决于电力生产中化石燃料的数量和燃烧过程。对于有毒排放物和资源利用，金属和化石燃料的提取需要引起注意。

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