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Towards welfare optimal operation of innovative mobility concepts: External cost pricing in a world of shared autonomous vehicles

机译：朝着创新流动概念的福利最佳运作：共用自治车辆世界的外部成本定价

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摘要

Autonomous vehicles (AV) create new opportunities to traffic planners and policy-makers. In the case of shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs), dynamic pricing, vehicle routing and dispatch strategies may aim for the maximization of the overall system welfare instead of the operator's profit. In this study, an existing congestion pricing methodology is applied to the SAV transport mode. On the SAV operator's side, the routing- and dispatch-relevant cost are extended by the time and link-specific congestion charge. On the users' side, the congestion costs are added to the fare. Simulation experiments are carried out for Berlin, Germany in order to investigate the impact of SAVs and different pricing setups on the transport system. For the pricing setup, where SAV users only pay the base fare and there is no congestion charge added to the user costs, the model predicts an SAV share of 17.7% within the inner-city Berlin service area. The level of traffic congestion increases, air pollution levels decrease and noise levels slightly increase in the inner-city area. The SAV congestion charge pushes users from SAVs to the walk, bicycle and conventional (drivercontrolled) private car (CC) mode. The latter effect is avoided by applying the same congestion charge also to CC users. Overall, this study highlights the importance to control both, the SAV and CC mode in order to improve a city's transport system.
机译：自治车辆（AV）为交通规划者和政策制定者创造了新的机会。在共享自动车辆（SED）的情况下，动态定价，车辆路线和派遣策略可能旨在最大化整体系统福利而不是运营商的利润。在本研究中，将现有的拥塞定价方法应用于SAV传输模式。在SAV运营商的一侧，路由和分派相关成本延长时间和链接特定的拥塞费。在用户方面，拥塞成本将增加给票价。为柏林，德国进行了仿真实验，以调查SEAL和不同定价设置对运输系统的影响。对于定价设置，其中Sav用户仅支付基本票价，并且没有增加拥堵费用的用户成本，该模型预测了在城市内部柏林服务区内的37.7％的Sav份额。交通拥堵水平增加，空气污染水平降低，内部城区略有增加。 SAV拥塞充电将用户推向步行，自行车和常规（驾驶员控制）私人汽车（CC）模式。通过将相同的拥塞充电应用于CC用户来避免后一种效果。总的来说，本研究强调了控制既有，救世和CC模式的重要性，以改善城市的运输系统。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation Research》 |2020年第6期|48-63|共16页
  • 作者

    Kaddoura Ihab; Bischoff Joschka; Nagel Kai;

  • 作者单位

    Tech Univ Berlin Dept Transport Syst Planning & Telemat Salzufer 17-19 D-10587 Berlin Germany;

    Swiss Fed Railways SBB Wylerstr 123-125 CH-3000 Bern 65 Switzerland;

    Tech Univ Berlin Dept Transport Syst Planning & Telemat Salzufer 17-19 D-10587 Berlin Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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