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The impact of airspace regulations on unmanned aerial vehicles in last-mile operation

机译：空域规定对最后一英里运行中无人空中车辆的影响

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Utilizing autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in the last-mile delivery of parcels is regarded as the ultimate disruptive technology that might significantly reduce the GHG emissions in the freight sector. This study estimates the CO(2)e emissions for UAVs under different policies compared to diesel and electric ground delivery modes. First, the international UAV flight regulations are synthesized and classified into three groups representing varying degrees of policy strictness. Second, utilizing real-word delivery demand data, full-day parcel-delivery operations of a three-digit postal code area in both urban and rural contexts are simulated for UAVs and ground delivery modes. The results show that in general, UAVs produce significantly lower emissions compared to ground delivery per parcel-km and up to 35% compared to electric vehicles. However, UAV emissions are highly dependent on the fuel mix used in electricity generation. In urban contexts, UAV policy strictness can increase GHG emissions by up to 400%.
机译：利用自主无人的航空车辆（无人机）在包裹的最后一次交付中被认为是最终的破坏性技术，可能会显着降低货运部门的温室气体排放。本研究估计与柴油和电动接地输送方式不同政策下的无人机的CO（2）e排放。首先，综合国际无人机航班法规，分为三组，代表不同程度的政策严格。其次，利用实际交付需求数据，为无人机和地面交付模式模拟了城市和农村背景下的三位数邮政编码区域的全日包裹交付操作。结果表明，与电动车辆相比，与电动车辆相比，无人机与地面递送相比，无人机的排放显着降低。然而，UAV排放量高度依赖于发电中使用的燃料混合物。在城市背景下，无人机政策严格可以将温室气体排放量增加至400％。

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