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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research >Effect of mass on multimodal fuel consumption in moving people and freight in the U.S.
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Effect of mass on multimodal fuel consumption in moving people and freight in the U.S.

机译：在美国，质量对运送人员和货运中多式联运燃料消耗的影响

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摘要

The United States transportation sector consumes 5 billion barrels of petroleum annually to move people and freight around the country by car, truck, train, ship and aircraft, emitting significant greenhouse gases in the process. Making the transportation system more sustainable by reducing these emissions and increasing the efficiency of this multimodal system can be achieved through several vehicle-centric strategies. We focus here on one of these strategies - reducing vehicle mass and on collecting and developing a set of physics-based expressions to describe the effect of vehicle mass reduction on fuel consumption across transportation modes in the U.S. These expressions allow analysts to estimate fuel savings resulting from vehicle mass reductions (termed fuel reduction value, FRV), across modes, without resorting to specialized software or extensive modeling efforts, and to evaluate greenhouse gas emission and cost implications of these fuel savings. We describe how FRV differs from fuel intensity (FI) and how to properly use both of these metrics, and we provide a method to adjust FI based on mass changes and FRV. Based on this work, we estimate that a 10% vehicle mass reduction (assuming constant payload mass) results in a 2% improvement in fuel consumption for trains and light, medium, and heavy trucks, 4% for buses, and 7% for aircraft. When a 10% vehicle mass reduction is offset by an increase in an equivalent mass of payload, fuel intensity (fuel used per unit mass of payload) increases from 6% to 23%, with the largest increase being for aircraft.
机译：美国运输部门每年消耗50亿桶石油，以汽车，卡车，火车，轮船和飞机在全国各地运送人员和货物，并在此过程中排放大量温室气体。通过减少这些排放并提高这种多式联运系统的效率，可以使交通运输系统更具可持续性，这可以通过几种以车辆为中心的策略来实现。在这里，我们重点介绍以下策略之一-减少车辆的重量，并收集和开发一组基于物理学的表达式，以描述车辆质量的减小对美国各种运输方式下的燃油消耗的影响。这些表达式使分析人员可以估算可节省的燃油量从车辆质量减少（称为燃料减少值，FRV），跨模式进行，无需求助于专用软件或大量建模工作，并评估温室气体排放量和这些燃料节省的成本影响。我们描述了FRV与燃料强度（FI）的区别，以及如何正确使用这两个指标，并提供了一种基于质量变化和FRV调整FI的方法。根据这项工作，我们估计车辆质量减少10％（假设恒定的有效载荷质量），可使火车，轻型，中型和重型卡车的燃油消耗提高2％，公共汽车的燃油消耗提高4％，飞机的燃油消耗降低7％ 。当等效质量的有效载荷增加抵消了10％的车辆质量降低时，燃油强度（单位有效载荷质量所使用的燃油）将从6％增加到23％，其中最大的增加是飞机。

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