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A justice-theoretic approach to the distribution of transportation benefits: Implications for transportation planning practice in the United States

机译：运输收益分配的正义理论方法：对美国运输规划实践的启示

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摘要

Transportation improvements inevitably lead to an uneven distribution of user benefits, in space and by network type (private and public transport). This paper makes a moral argument for what would be a fair distribution of these benefits. The argument follows Walzer's "Spheres of Justice" approach to define the benefits of transportation, access, as a sphere deserving a separate, non-market driven, distribution. That distribution, we propose, is one where the maximum gap between the lowest and highest accessibility, both by mode and in space, should be limited, while attempting to maximize average access. We then review transportation planning practice for a priori distributional goals and find little explicit guidance in conventional and even justice-oriented transportation planning and analyses. We end with a discussion of the implications for practice.
机译：运输的改善不可避免地导致用户利益在空间和网络类型（私人和公共交通工具）上的分配不均。本文对这些收益的合理分配提出了道德上的争论。该论点遵循沃尔泽（Walzer）的“正义领域”方法来定义运输，获取的好处，因为这是一个应由非市场驱动的独立分销领域。我们建议这种分布是应该限制最低可访问性和最高可访问性之间的最大差异，无论是通过模式还是在空间上，同时都试图最大化平均访问。然后，我们针对先验的分配目标审查运输计划的实践，并且在常规甚至是面向司法的运输计划和分析中几乎没有明确的指导。我们最后讨论对实践的影响。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation Research》 |2012年第4期|p.684-695|共12页
  • 作者

    Karel Martens; Aaron Golub; Glenn Robinson;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Management Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9108, NL-6500 UK Nijmegen, The Netherlands;

    School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning and School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287-5302, USA;

    School of Engineering and Institute for Urban Research, Morgan State University, 1700 East Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    justice; equity; access; walzer; rawls;

    机译：正义;公平;访问;华尔兹罗尔斯;

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