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Extended Bottlenecks, The Fundamental Relationship, And Capacity Drop On Freeways

机译：瓶颈扩大，基本关系和高速公路通行能力下降

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This paper presents evidence that the commonly used point bottleneck model is too sim-plistic for freeway bottlenecks, the actual mechanism appears to occur over an extended distance. We find evidence of subtle flow limiting and speed reducing phenomena more than a mile downstream of a lane drop bottleneck. These phenomena impact the funda-mental relationship, FD. Close to the lane drop the free flow regime appears to come from a "parabolic" FD, but further downstream the relationship straightens to a "triangular" FD and throughput increases. We develop a theory to explain the underlying mechanisms. These insights should help resolve the decades long debate about the shape of the FD. The phenomena also provide a mechanism that may contribute to the empirically observed capacity drop often seen at bottlenecks. Although we study a lane drop, this work should be transferable to other bottlenecks where the capacity restriction persists for an extended distance, e.g., a corridor with a fixed number of lanes and an on-ramp bottleneck
机译：本文提供的证据表明，常用的点瓶颈模型对于高速公路的瓶颈而言过于简单，实际机制似乎是在较长的距离上发生的。我们发现，在车道下降瓶颈下游超过一英里处，存在着细微的限流和减速现象的证据。这些现象影响了基本关系FD。靠近车道下降处，自由流动状态似乎来自“抛物线” FD，但是在更下游，该关系趋于“三角形” FD，并且吞吐量增加。我们开发了一种理论来解释潜在的机制。这些见解应有助于解决有关FD形状长达数十年的争论。这种现象还提供了一种机制，可能有助于根据经验观察到的经常在瓶颈处发现的容量下降。尽管我们研究了车道下降，但这项工作应该可以转移到容量限制持续存在较长距离的其他瓶颈，例如具有固定车道数和匝道瓶颈的走廊

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