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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research >Framing The Role Of Decision Support In The Case Of Stockholm Congestion Charging Trial
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Framing The Role Of Decision Support In The Case Of Stockholm Congestion Charging Trial

机译：确定斯德哥尔摩拥堵收费试验中决策支持的作用

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Congestion charging was - as a trial - introduced in Stockholm from January 3rd to July 31st 2006. After the referendum in September 2006, the charging system was finally introduced as permanent from August 2007 with some adjustments to the Trial design. The idea of congestion charging is unique in a Swedish context, and the introduction of the Stockholm system has been highly controversial. Considerable efforts have therefore been undertaken to provide information that could serve as 'Decision Support' along the way. This has included e.g. modelling and forecasts before the Trial, a comprehensive evaluation programme during the Trial, extensive stakeholder consultations throughout, and various information and communication strategies. But what difference did this information input make, and what was its role in the process from initiating the system, to its final adoption? In this paper we pave the way for investigating the use and role of "Decision Support' in the Stockholm Congestion Charging experiment. We adopt a definition of Decision Support as the systematic application of externally produced knowledge in transport planning and policy making processes. We then derive an analytical framework from the research literature on 'knowledge utilization' in policy making. This research has generally found that both 'technical', 'communicative', and 'institutional' aspects of the Decision Support matter for its influence on actual policy making processes and results. In our analysis we find a similar pattern. This high technical quality of the monitoring and evaluation programmes provided for solid verified results, while the institutional arrangements and the communication strategies helped to ensure the credibility and legitimacy of the information for the decision makers. The availability of rich contents coupled with strategies for the timely and targeted information delivery suggest that direct 'instrumental' use could have taken place. At a more general level the Trial represents an advanced form of 'Decision Support' that goes beyond the mere application of calculated results to encompass a process where the decision parameters themselves become part of the change process.
机译：于2006年1月3日至7月31日在斯德哥尔摩引入了拥堵收费系统（作为一项试验）。在2006年9月进行全民投票之后，终于对收费系统进行了永久性调整，并于2007年8月开始引入收费系统，并对审判设计进行了一些调整。拥挤收费的概念在瑞典语中是独一无二的，斯德哥尔摩体系的引入一直引起很大争议。因此，在提供信息的过程中付出了巨大的努力，这些信息可以作为“决策支持”。这包括例如在审判之前进行建模和预测，在审判期间进行全面的评估，在整个过程中与利益相关者进行广泛的磋商，并制定各种信息和沟通策略。但是，这种信息输入有什么不同？从启动系统到最终采用，它在整个过程中起什么作用？在本文中，我们为调查“决策支持”在斯德哥尔摩交通拥挤收费实验中的用途和作用铺平了道路，我们采用了“决策支持”的定义，将其作为外部应用的知识在运输计划和决策过程中的系统应用。从研究文献中得出有关决策中“知识利用”的分析框架，该研究通常发现决策支持的“技术”，“沟通”和“机构”方面都对决策制定过程的实际影响很重要。在我们的分析中，我们发现了类似的模式：监控和评估程序的高技术质量提供了可靠的验证结果，而制度安排和沟通策略有助于确保决策者信息的可信度和合法性。丰富的内容的可用性以及及时和有针对性的策略ed信息传递表明，可能直接进行了“工具性”使用。在更一般的层面上，“审判”代表了“决策支持”的高级形式，它不仅仅适用于计算结果的应用，还涵盖了决策参数本身成为变更过程一部分的过程。

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