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Comparison of particle mass and number emissions from a diesel transit bus across temporal and spatial scales

机译：跨时空尺度的柴油公交车的粒子质量和数量排放的比较

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摘要

This study analyzes particle number and mass emission rates measured from the exhaust of a 2002 diesel transit bus in real-world driving conditions. The dynamics of the particle number and mass emission rates are examined at resolved temporal and spatial scales across an urban arterial, a rural arterial and a divided freeway. Time-based particle number and mass emission rates were highest on the freeway, but the distance-based particle emission rates of emission/km at "hot-spots" for exposure assessment for selected 50-m road segments occurred at intersections when the bus accelerated from a stop or traveled up high grades. Comparisons of particle mass and number emission rates between idling and acceleration indicate that unless the bus is extending idling for several minutes, public exposure to bus particle emissions near bus stops can be mainly attributed to accelerations. Generally, particle number and mass emissions rates are highly correlated both temporally and spatially. Some deviations occur because particle mass emissions are highly elevated during sustained fueling events such as traveling on high grades and during sustained accelerations, while particle number emissions are more sensitive to fuel and engine speed fluctuations.
机译：这项研究分析了在现实驾驶条件下，从2002年柴油运输公交车的排气中测得的颗粒数量和质量排放率。在确定的时间和空间尺度上，在城市干线，农村干线和分开的高速公路上检查了颗粒数量和质量排放率的动力学。在高速公路上，基于时间的颗粒物数量和质量排放率最高，但当公交车加速时，在选定的50 m道路路段的“热点”处，基于距离的颗粒物排放率/ km进行了暴露评估。从停止或高等级旅行。空转和加速之间的颗粒质量和数量排放率的比较表明，除非公交车在几分钟内空转，否则公交车站附近公众对公交车颗粒物排放的暴露可能主要归因于加速。通常，颗粒数量和质量排放速率在时间和空间上都高度相关。之所以会出现一些偏差，是因为在持续加油事件中（例如在高等级上行驶和持续加速过程中），粒子质量排放量会大大提高，而粒子数量排放量对燃料和发动机转速波动更为敏感。

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