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Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and survey

机译：节能海上运输的速度模型：分类和调查

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摘要

International shipping accounts for 2.7% of worldwide CO_2 emissions, and measures to curb future emissions growth are sought with a high sense of urgency. With the increased quest for greener shipping, reducing the speed of ships has obtained an increased role as one of the measures to be applied toward that end. Already speed has been important for economic reasons, as it is a key determinant of fuel cost, a significant component of the operating cost of ships. Moreover, speed is an important parameter of the overall logistical operation of a shipping company and of the overall supply chain and may directly or indirectly impact fleet size, ship size, cargo inventory costs and shippers' balance sheets. Changes in ship speed may also induce modal shifts, if cargo can choose other modes because they are faster. However, as emissions are directly proportional to fuel consumed, speed is also very much connected with the environmental dimension of shipping. So when shipping markets are in a depressed state and "slow-steaming" is the prevalent practice for economic reasons, an important side benefit is reduced emissions. In fact there are many indications that this practice, very much applied these days, will be the norm in the future. This paper presents a survey of speed models in maritime transportation, that is, models in which speed is one of the decision variables. A taxonomy of such models is also presented, according to a set of parameters.
机译：国际航运占全球CO_2排放量的2.7％，因此迫切需要采取措施遏制未来的排放量增长。随着人们对绿色运输的日益增加的要求，降低船速已成为为此目的采取的措施之一。出于经济原因，速度已经很重要，因为它是燃料成本的关键决定因素，而燃料成本是船舶运营成本的重要组成部分。而且，速度是运输公司和整个供应链的整体物流运作的重要参数，并且可能直接或间接影响船队规模，船型，货物库存成本和托运人的资产负债表。如果货物可以选择其他模式，因为它们速度更快，那么船速的变化也可能导致模式转换。但是，由于排放与燃料消耗成正比，因此速度也与运输的环境维度密切相关。因此，当航运市场处于低迷状态并且出于经济原因普遍采用“慢蒸”的做法时，一个重要的附带好处就是减少了排放。实际上，有许多迹象表明，这种做法在当今已经非常普遍，将成为将来的规范。本文介绍了海上运输速度模型的概况，即速度是决策变量之一的模型。根据一组参数，还提供了此类模型的分类法。

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