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Long-run Relationship Among Transport Demand, Income, And Gasoline Price For The Us

机译:美国的运输需求,收入和汽油价格之间的长期关系

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Energy used in transport is a particularly important focus for environment-development studies because it is increasing in both developed and developing countries and is largely carbon-intensive. This paper examines whether a systemic, mutually causal, cointegrated relationship exists among mobility demand, gasoline price, income, and vehicle ownership using US data from 1946 to 2006. We find that those variables co-evolve in a transport system; and thus, they cannot be easily disentangled in the short-run. However, estimating a long-run relationship for motor fuel use per capita was difficult because of the efficacy of the CAFE standards to influence fleet fuel economy. The analysis shows that the fuel standards program was effective in improving the fuel economy of the US vehicle fleet and in temporarily lessening the impact on fuel use of increased mobility demand. Among the policy implications are a role for efficiency standards, a limited impact for fuel tax, and the necessity of using a number of levers simultaneously to influence transport systems.
机译:运输中使用的能源是环境发展研究的一个特别重要的重点,因为它在发达国家和发展中国家都在增加,并且在很大程度上是碳密集型的。本文使用1946年至2006年的美国数据,研究了流动性需求,汽油价格,收入和车辆拥有权之间是否存在系统性,相互因果关系的协整关系。因此,短期内无法轻易解决它们。但是,由于CAFE标准影响车队燃油经济性,因此很难估算人均汽车燃油的长期关系。分析表明,燃油标准计划有效地改善了美国车队的燃油经济性,并暂时减轻了增加的机动性需求对燃油使用的影响。这些政策影响包括效率标准的作用,对燃油税的有限影响以及必须同时使用多种手段来影响运输系统。

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