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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research Part B: Methodological >Morning commute with competing modes and distributed demand: User equilibrium, system optimum, and pricing
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Morning commute with competing modes and distributed demand: User equilibrium, system optimum, and pricing

机译：早上上下班，竞争方式多样，需求分散：用户均衡，系统优化和定价

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The morning commute problem for a single bottleneck, introduced in Vickrey (1969), is extended to model mode choice in an urban area with time-dependent demand. This extension recognizes that street space is shared by cars and public transit. It is assumed that transit is operated independently of traffic conditions, and that when it is operated it consumes a fixed amount of space. As a first step, a single fixed-capacity bottleneck that can serve both cars and transit is studied. Commuters choose which mode to use and when to travel in order to minimize the generalized cost of their own trip. The transit agency chooses the headway and when to operate. Transit operations reduce the bottleneck's capacity for cars by a fixed amount. The following results are shown for this type of bottleneck: 1. If the transit agency charges a fixed fare and operates at a given headway, and only when there is demand, then there is a unique user equilibrium. 2. If the transit agency chooses its headway and time of operation for the common good, and users choose when to travel for the common good, then there is a system optimum solution with less cost and no queuing. 3. Time-dependent tolls and fares that achieve this system optimum are given. Finally, it is also shown that Results 2 and 3 apply to urban networks that serve a demand which is distributed in time and space, and which may include a population of captive transit riders. It is found that in many cases, additional transit service should be provided during a specified period in the rush.
机译：Vickrey（1969）引入的单个瓶颈的早晨通勤问题扩展到了具有时变需求的城市地区的模型模式选择。此扩展认识到街道空间由汽车和公共交通共享。假定运输与交通状况无关，并且在运输时消耗固定的空间。作为第一步，研究了可同时为汽车和运输服务的单一固定容量瓶颈。通勤者选择使用哪种模式以及何时旅行，以最大程度地减少自己旅行的总体费用。运输机构选择行进路线和操作时间。运输操作将瓶颈的汽车容量减少了固定量。对于这种类型的瓶颈，显示了以下结果：1.如果过境中介收取固定的票价并以给定的进给速度运营，并且仅在有需求时，才存在唯一的用户平衡。 2.如果运输公司为公共物品选择行程时间和运营时间，而用户选择为公共物品旅行的时间，则可以找到一种成本更低且无需排队的系统最佳解决方案。 3.给出了实现该系统最佳状态的随时间变化的通行费和票价。最后，还表明，结果2和结果3适用于满足随时间和空间分布的需求的城市网络，并且其中可能包括人口众多的过境乘车者。已经发现，在许多情况下，应该在高峰期的指定时间段内提供额外的过境服务。

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