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首页> 外文期刊>Transportation Research Part B: Methodological >Congestion tolling in the bottleneck model with heterogeneous values of time
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Congestion tolling in the bottleneck model with heterogeneous values of time

机译：时间异质性的瓶颈模型中的拥堵收费

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摘要

When analysing the effects of transport policies it is important to adequately control for heterogeneity: previous studies note that ignoring heterogeneity biases the estimated welfare effects of tolling. This paper examines the effects of tolling, in a bottleneck model, with a continuously distributed value of time. With homogeneous users, first-best public tolling has no effect on prices. With heterogeneity it does: low values of time lose, and high values of time gain. The average congestion externality decreases with the heterogeneity in the value of time. Consequently, the welfare gain of first-best tolling also decreases. The more heterogeneous the value of time is, the lower the relative efficiency of a public pay-lane. This finding contrasts with the previous literature. Earlier studies, using static flow congestion, conclude that the relative efficiency increases with this type of heterogeneity. With more heterogeneity in the value of time, the relative efficiency of a private pay-lane is also lower, while that of a public time-invariant toll is higher. Our results suggest that the welfare gains of different tolling schemes are affected differently by heterogeneity. Further, the impact of heterogeneity on the effects of a policy also depends on the type of congestion considered.
机译：在分析运输政策的影响时，充分控制异质性很重要：以前的研究表明，忽略异质性会影响通行费的估计福利影响。本文在瓶颈模型中，以连续分布的时间值检验了通行费的影响。对于同类用户，最佳公共收费不会影响价格。有了异质性，它确实做到了：时间损失少，时间获取价值高。平均拥塞外部性随时间值的异质性而降低。因此，第一通行费的福利收益也会减少。时间的价值越多样化，公共支付通道的相对效率就越低。这一发现与以前的文献形成对比。早期使用静态流量拥塞的研究得出的结论是，相对效率随这种类型的异质性而增加。随着时间价值异质性的提高，私人支付通道的相对效率也较低，而公共时不变通行费的相对效率较高。我们的结果表明，不同收费方案的福利收益受到异质性的影响不同。此外，异质性对政策效果的影响还取决于所考虑的拥塞类型。

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