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Policy innovations of the US intermodal surface transportation efficiency act and clean air act amendments

机译：美国多式联运地面运输效率法和清洁空气法修正案的政策创新

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In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation. This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals - transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws. Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.
机译：1991年的《多式联运地面运输效率法》（ISTEA）和1990年的《清洁空气法修正案》（CAAA）相结合，是创新性和积极性的努力，旨在推动美国城市转向综合运输和空气质量规划。根据这些补充法律，空气质量已成为国家的主要交通目标。在空气污染严重的地区，空气质量将是决定城市交通未来形态的主要考虑因素。本文考虑了CAAA和ISTEA如何结合起来，为寻求鼓励城市中心可持续发展的国家提供感兴趣的创新性国家政策方法。 CAAA规定了可测量和可执行的空气质量目标。为可接受的一氧化碳，地面臭氧和小颗粒物设定了全国范围的标准。 ISTEA包括交通规划人员和决策者遵循的指示，以达到空气质量和其他目标-交通规划必须强调系统效率，而对于空气污染严重的城市，交通项目应有助于改善空气质量。每个城市地区在如何应用此框架以反映其优先级和解决其问题方面都具有灵活性。严格的联邦制裁为遵守这两项法律提供了激励。这些法律的颁布产生了一个过渡时期和不确定性时期，给计划者和民选官员带来了挑战和机遇。未来几年，美国将提供一个国家实验室和100多个不同的城市实验室，以创新方式整合交通和环境政策，以解决主要的城市问题。

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