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Does a high level of multimodality mean less car use? An exploration of multimodality trends in England

机译：高水平的多式联运是否意味着更少的汽车使用量？探索英国的多式联运趋势

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摘要

Some existing studies have suggested that a higher level of multimodality-the use of more than one transport mode within a given period of time-may be desirable to achieve societies less dependent on cars. The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in individual multimodality in England. In addition, we explored whether these trends were homogenous, i.e. similar between socio-economic characteristics, and whether changes in multimodality corresponded with changes in car use and the use of other transport modes. Our analyses showed that in contrast to reported trends in existing research, the level of multimodality in England decreased between 1995 and 2015. These trends stratified by income were diverging, which may imply that inequality in transport opportunities may be increasing. In contrast, the trends for age and gender were converging. In addition, we found that the car mode share remained fairly stable and absolute car use decreased since 2004, whilst multimodality decreased. This suggests that there is no necessary relationship between aggregate levels of car use and the average individual level of multimodality. Moreover, our analyses showed that these trends were very similarly independent of which indicator was applied. This indicates that for analysing trends in multimodality, the choice of indicator may not be that important, and indicators that are elementary to calculate and easy to interpret, e.g. number of modes used, highlight trends that are highly consistent with more sophisticated metrics. This paper finishes with a discussion of the implications of these findings.
机译：现有的一些研究表明，更高水平的多式联运-在给定的时间内使用一种以上的运输方式-可能是实现社会对汽车的更少依赖的理想方式。这项研究的目的是调查英格兰个人多式联运的趋势。此外，我们探讨了这些趋势是否同质，即社会经济特征之间是否相似，以及多式联运的变化是否与汽车使用和其他运输方式的使用相对应。我们的分析表明，与现有研究报道的趋势相比，英格兰的多式联运水平在1995年至2015年期间有所下降。这些按收入分层的趋势有所不同，这可能意味着运输机会的不平等现象可能正在加剧。相反，年龄和性别的趋势正在趋同。此外，我们发现，自2004年以来，汽车模式所占份额保持相当稳定，绝对汽车使用率有所下降，而多式联运则有所下降。这表明汽车的总体使用水平与多式联运的平均个人水平之间没有必要的关系。此外，我们的分析表明，这些趋势非常相似，与所应用的指标无关。这表明对于分析多式联运的趋势，指标的选择可能并不那么重要，并且指标是计算的基础且易于理解的指标，例如使用的模式数量，突出显示与更复杂的指标高度一致的趋势。本文最后讨论了这些发现的含义。

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  • 来源
    《Transportation》 |2019年第4期|1093-1126|共34页
  • 作者

    Heinen Eva; Mattioli Giulio;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Leeds Inst Transport Studies Fac Environm Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England;

    Univ Leeds Inst Transport Studies Fac Environm Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England|Univ Leeds Sustainabil Res Inst Fac Environm Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England|Univ Leeds Inst Transport Studies Leeds LS2 9JT W Yorkshire England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Trends; Multimodality; Car use; Social inequality; Travel behaviour;

    机译：趋势;多模态;汽车使用;社会不平等;出行行为;

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