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Vehicle automation and freeway 'pipeline' capacity in the context of legal standards of care

机译：在法律照护标准范围内的车辆自动化和高速公路“管道”通行能力

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摘要

The study evaluates, in the context of freeway segments, the interaction between automated cars' kinematic capabilities and the standard legal requirement for the operator of an automobile to not strike items that are in its path (known as the `AssuredClear Distance Ahead' criterion). The objective is to characterize the impacts ofACDA-compliant driving behavior on the system-level indicator of roadway-network capacity. We assess the barriers to automated cars operating non-ACDA-compliant driving strategies, develop a straightforward ACDAcompliant automated-driving model to analytically estimate freeway `pipeline' capacity, compare this behavior to human drivers, and interpret quantitativefindingswhich are based on a range of rationally-specified parameter values and explicitly account for kinematic uncertainty. We demonstrate that automated cars pursuing ACDA-compliant driving strategies would have distinctive ``fundamental diagrams'' (relationships between speed and flow). Our results suggest that such automated-driving strategies (under a baseline set of assumptions) would sustain higher flow rates at free-flow speeds than human drivers, however at higher traffic volumes the rate of degradation in speed due to congestion would be steeper. ACDA-compliant automated cars also would have a higher level of maximum-achievable throughput, though the impact on maximum throughput at free-flow speed depends on the specific interpretation of ACDA. We also present a novel quantification of the tradeoff between freeway-capacity and various degrees of safety (one failure in 100,000 events, one failure in 1,000,000, etc.) that explicitly accounts for the irreducible uncertainty in emergency braking performance, by drawing on empirical distributions of braking distance testing. Finally, we assess the vulnerability of ACDA-compliant automated cars to lateral `cut-ins' by vehicles making lane changes. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of policy questions and research needs.
机译：该研究在高速公路路段的背景下，评估了自动驾驶汽车的运动学能力与标准的法律要求之间的相互影响，即汽车驾驶员不得触碰其行驶路径上的物品（称为“预先确定清除距离”标准） 。目的是表征符合ACDA的驾驶行为对道路网络容量系统级指标的影响。我们评估了不遵守ACDA驾驶策略的自动驾驶汽车的障碍，开发了一个简单的符合ACDA的自动驾驶模型来分析估算高速公路的“管道”通行能力，将此行为与驾驶员进行比较，并解释基于一系列合理依据的定量发现指定的参数值，并明确考虑运动不确定性。我们证明了遵循ACDA驾驶策略的自动驾驶汽车将具有独特的``基本图''（速度和流量之间的关系）。我们的结果表明，这种自动驾驶策略（在一组基线假设下）将在自由流动速度下维持比人类驾驶员更高的流速，但是在较高的交通量下，由于拥堵而导致的速度降低的速度会更快。符合ACDA的自动驾驶汽车也将具有更高的最大可实现吞吐量水平，尽管在自由流动速度下对最大吞吐量的影响取决于对ACDA的具体解释。我们还提出了一种新颖的量化方法，对高速公路的通行能力与各种安全程度（100,000次事件中的一次失败，1,000,000次事件中的一次失败等）之间的权衡取舍，通过经验分布明确地说明了紧急制动性能中不可减少的不确定性。制动距离测试。最后，我们评估了改变车道的车辆对符合ACDA标准的自动驾驶汽车的横向“插入”的脆弱性。本文最后简要讨论了政策问题和研究需求。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Transportation》 |2019年第4期|1215-1244|共30页
  • 作者

    Le Vine Scott; Kong You; Liu Xiaobo; Polak John;

  • 作者单位

    Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Transportat & Logist 111 N 1st Sect 2nd Ring Rd Chengdu 610031 Sichuan Peoples R China|Southwest Jiaotong Univ Natl United Engn Lab Integrated & Intelligent Tra Intelligent Transportat Syst Lab 111 N 1st Sect 2nd Ring Rd Chengdu 610031 Sichuan Peoples R China|SUNY Coll New Paltz Dept Geog Hawk Dr New Paltz NY 12561 USA|Imperial Coll London Dept Civil & Environm Engn Exhibit Rd South Kensington SW7 2AZ England;

    Southwest Jiaotong Univ Sch Transportat & Logist 111 N 1st Sect 2nd Ring Rd Chengdu 610031 Sichuan Peoples R China|Southwest Jiaotong Univ Natl United Engn Lab Integrated & Intelligent Tra Intelligent Transportat Syst Lab 111 N 1st Sect 2nd Ring Rd Chengdu 610031 Sichuan Peoples R China;

    Imperial Coll London Dept Civil & Environm Engn Exhibit Rd South Kensington SW7 2AZ England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Vehicle automation; Freeway capacity; Assured Clear Distance Ahead; Duty of care;

    机译：车辆自动化;高速公路通行能力;确保提前清除距离;注意义务;

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