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Resilience and accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities

机译：瑞典和荷兰市政当局的弹性和可达性

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Recent years have shown a rising popularity of the concept of resilience—both theoretically and empirically—in complex systems analysis. There is also a rising literature on resilience in the transport and spatial-economic field. The pluriform interpretation of resilience (e.g., engineering vs. ecological resilience) is related to methodological differences (e.g., stability in dynamics vs. evolutionary adaptivity). But in all cases the fundamental question is whether a complex system that is subjected to an external shock is able to recover, and if so, to which extent. The present paper [Based on presentation from cluster 6 (Accessibility) of the Nectar 2015 conference in Ann Arbour, USA.] aims to add a new dimension to resilience analysis in spatial systems, by addressing in particular the relationship between spatial accessibility at a municipality level and the resilience outcomes of the spatial system concerned. It does so by investigating to which extent accessibility of Swedish and Dutch municipalities has mitigated the local shock absorption from the recent economic recession. In our study the shock absorption capacity of municipal accessibility is estimated by analysing the relevant resilience indicators for the period concerned. In this context, conventional resilience indicators based on either multivariate complex data (in particular, the Foster Resilience Capacity Index) or employment data (in particular, the Martin Resilience-Employment Index) are confronted with spatial connectivity data based on local accessibility measures, so that geographical mobility may be regarded as one of the shock-mitigating factors. The empirical analysis is carried out for two countries which have both proven to be rather shock-resistant during the recent economic crisis, viz. Sweden and The Netherlands. Clearly, the geographical structure of these countries forms a sharp mutual contrast, viz. a spatially dispersed economy with a few distinct urban concentrations versus a spatially dense economy with one major metropolitan centre (the Randstad), respectively. Our experiments are carried out for the 290 municipalities in Sweden and 40 COROPs in The Netherlands. Our research findings show relevant and new insights into differences in the local recovery potential in Sweden and The Netherlands.
机译：近年来，在复杂的系统分析中，无论是从理论上还是从经验上，都显示出了弹性概念的日益普及。关于运输和空间经济领域的复原力的文献也越来越多。弹性的多形形式解释（例如工程性与生态弹性）与方法上的差异（例如动力学稳定性与进化适应性）有关。但是在所有情况下，基本问题都是遭受外部冲击的复杂系统是否能够恢复，如果能够恢复到何种程度。本论文[基于在美国安阿伯市举行的Nectar 2015会议第6组（可访问性）的演示文稿]，旨在通过特别解决市政当局空间可访问性之间的关系，为空间系统的弹性分析增加新的维度。空间系统的水平和弹性结果。通过调查瑞典和荷兰市政当局的交通状况在多大程度上减轻了近期经济衰退对当地冲击的吸收，从而做到了这一点。在我们的研究中，通过分析有关时期的相关弹性指标来估计城市可达性的减震能力。在这种情况下，基于多元复杂数据（特别是Foster弹性能力指数）或就业数据（特别是Martin弹性就业指数）的常规弹性指标面临着基于局部可及性度量的空间连通性数据，因此地理流动性可以被视为减轻冲击的因素之一。对两个国家进行了实证分析，这两个国家在最近的经济危机中都被证明具有相当的抗冲击能力。瑞典和荷兰。显然，这些国家的地理结构形成了鲜明的相互对比。分别是几个城市集中的空间分散型经济和一个主要大都市中心（任仕达）的空间密集型经济。我们对瑞典的290个城市和荷兰的40个COROP进行了实验。我们的研究结果显示了有关瑞典和荷兰本地恢复潜力差异的相关和新见解。

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