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Capacity constrained accessibility of high-speed rail

机译：高铁的容量限制了可达性

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This paper proposes an enhanced measure of accessibility that explicitly considers circumstances in which the capacity of the transport infrastructure is limited. Under these circumstances, passengers may suffer longer waiting times, resulting in the delay or cancellation of trips. Without considering capacity constraints, the standard measure overestimates the accessibility contribution of transport infrastructure. We estimate the expected waiting time and the probability of forgoing trips based on the M/G(B)/1 type of queuing and discrete-event simulation, and formally incorporate the impacts of capacity constraints into a new measure: capacity constrained accessibility (CCA). To illustrate the differences between CCA and standard measures of accessibility, this paper estimates the accessibility change in the Beijing-Tianjin corridor due to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway (BTIHSR). We simulate and compare the CCA and standard measures in five queuing scenarios with varying demand patterns and service headway assumptions. The results show that (1) under low system loads condition, CCA is compatible with and absorbs the standard measure as a special case; (2) when demand increases and approaches capacity, CCA declines significantly; in two quasi-real scenarios, the standard measure overestimates the accessibility improvement by 14-30 % relative to the CCA; and (3) under the scenario with very high demand and an unreliable timetable, the CCA is almost reduced to the pre-BTIHSR level. Because the new CCA measure effectively incorporates the impact of capacity constraints, it is responsive to different arrival rules, service distributions, and system loads, and therefore provides a more realistic representation of accessibility change than the standard measure.
机译：本文提出了一种增强的可访问性度量，明确考虑了运输基础设施的能力受到限制的情况。在这种情况下，乘客可能需要等待更长的时间，从而导致旅行延误或取消。在不考虑容量限制的情况下，标准措施高估了运输基础设施对可访问性的贡献。我们基于M / G（B）/ 1类型的排队和离散事件模拟来估计预期的等待时间和出行的可能性，并将容量限制的影响正式纳入一项新的度量标准：容量受限可访问性（CCA） ）。为了说明CCA和标准可达性度量之间的差异，本文估算了京津城际高铁（BTIHSR）导致的京津走廊可达性变化。我们在具有不同需求模式和服务进度假设的五个排队方案中模拟和比较CCA和标准措施。结果表明：（1）在低系统负载条件下，CCA作为一种特殊情况与标准方法兼容并吸收标准方法； （2）当需求增加并接近生产能力时，CCA显着下降；在两种准真实情况下，相对于CCA，标准度量高估了可访问性提高14-30％； （3）在需求量很大，时间表不可靠的情况下，CCA几乎降低到BTIHSR之前的水平。由于新的CCA措施有效地吸收了容量限制的影响，因此它对不同的到达规则，服务分布和系统负载做出了响应，因此比标准措施更能代表可访问性更改。

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