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One-way carsharing's evolution and operator perspectives from the Americas

机译：单向汽车共享在美洲的演变和运营商观点

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Roundtrip carsharing has been documented as a strategy to reduce car ownership and vehicle miles/kilometers traveled in urban areas. The expansion of carsharing and other forms of shared-use mobility have led to a growing interest in understanding the latest models. In recent years, one-way carsharing has gained momentum across the globe with 18 operators providing services in ten countries worldwide. One-way carsharing does not require its users to return the vehicle to the same location from which it was accessed (in contrast to roundtrip carsharing). Users typically pay by the minute versus the hour and do not require a reservation. There are two one-way models: free-floating and station-based. Free-floating carsharing allows vehicles to be picked up and left anywhere within a designated operating area, while station-based requires users to return vehicles to an available station. In Fall 2013, the authors conducted a survey of 26 roundtrip and five one-way carsharing operators in the Americas (U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Brazil) to understand their perspectives on one-way carsharing and its future. Almost 70 % of roundtrip operators viewed one-way carsharing as a complement to roundtrip carsharing, while 19 % viewed it as a competitor. Twelve percent perceived it as both a complement and competitor. Operators noted public transit, smartcard, and electric vehicle integration as key to this model's expansion. Half of respondents believed one-way and roundtrip carsharing have similar social and environmental impacts. Given limited understanding of its impacts, more research is needed to document the benefits of one-way carsharing and to help inform policymaking and urban mobility.
机译：往返汽车共享已被记录为减少城市地区汽车拥有量和车辆行驶里程/公里数的策略。汽车共享和其他形式的共享出行方式的扩展导致人们对了解最新模型的兴趣日益浓厚。近年来，单向汽车共享在全球范围内得到了发展，其中18个运营商在全球10个国家提供服务。单向拼车不需要其用户将车辆返回到其访问的相同位置（与双向拼车相反）。用户通常按分钟而不是小时付费，不需要预订。有两种单向模型：自由浮动模型和基于站点的模型。自由浮动的汽车共享允许车辆在指定操作区域内的任何地方被拾取和放置，而基于车站的要求用户将车辆交还给可用的车站。 2013年秋天，作者对美洲（美国，加拿大，墨西哥和巴西）的26个往返和5个单向汽车共享运营商进行了调查，以了解他们对单向汽车共享及其未来的看法。几乎70％的往返运营商将单向汽车共享视为双向汽车共享的补充，而19％的人则将其视为竞争对手。 12％的人认为它既是补充产品又是竞争对手。运营商指出，公共交通，智能卡和电动汽车集成是该模型扩展的关键。一半的受访者认为单程和往返汽车共享对社会和环境有类似的影响。如果对其影响的了解有限，则需要进行更多研究来记录单向汽车共享的好处，并有助于为决策和城市交通提供信息。

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