Historically, the word "utilities" was considered a four letter word to many engineers, designers and contractors simply because conflicts with buried utilities accounted for the majority of the cost and scheduling over-runs on construction projects. Over the years, this stigma has slowly changed for the better with advancements in technology and the further development of subsurface utilityengineering (SUE) and horizontal directional drilling (HDD) processes.The use of subsurface utility engineering during HDD projects — whether it is during design or the actual construction — has become a normal operating procedure or a requirement for many departments of transportation (DOTs), municipalities and utility owners. This is due to
展开▼
