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Dairy goat production systems

机译：奶山羊生产系统

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Goat production concentrated in developing countries (tropics, dry areas), contributes largely to the livelihoods of low and medium income farmers. Farming systems in these areas have evolved to cope with the formidable constraints imposed by harsh natural and economic conditions by adapting integrated crop/livestock production strategies. In Asia, Africa and Latin America, due to its almost exclusive extensive nature, goat production relies mainly on grazing on communal lands that hardly provide the minimum nutrient requirements due to overstocking and degradation. While some of these production systems are becoming semi-intensive, appropriate breeding strategies should be designed to promote conservation and improvement of their unique attributes, such as adaptability, water use efficiency and suitability under harsh climatic conditions. In Europe, dairy goat production is more common around the Mediterranean basin, where it is important from an economic, environmental and sociological perspective to the Mediterranean countries: Spain, France, Italy and Greece. Europe owns only 5.1 % of the world’s dairy goat herds, but produces 15.6 % of the world’s goat milk; this is the only continent where goat milk has such an economic importance and organization. In developing countries the dairy goat sector requires a systemic approach, whereby nutrition, animal health, breeding, know-how, inputs and technologies must be assembled. This would allow the optimization of natural and local resources and would promote the transition from a risk reduction strategy towards an increased productivity strategy. Such an increase would privilege production efficiency based on clean, green and ethical practices for responsible innovation.
机译：山羊生产集中在发展中国家（热带地区，干旱地区），在很大程度上促进了中低收入农民的生计。这些地区的耕作制度已经发展为通过适应作物/牲畜综合生产战略来应对严峻的自然和经济条件所带来的巨大制约。在亚洲，非洲和拉丁美洲，由于山羊几乎是广泛的性质，山羊的生产主要依靠在过度积压和退化而几乎无法提供最低养分需求的公共土地上放牧。尽管其中一些生产系统正处于半精养状态，但应设计适当的育种策略以促进保护和改善其独特属性，例如适应性，水资源利用效率和在恶劣气候条件下的适应性。在欧洲，奶山羊的生产在地中海沿岸地区更为普遍，从经济，环境和社会学的角度来看，对地中海国家来说很重要：西班牙，法国，意大利和希腊。欧洲仅拥有世界乳山羊群的5.1％，但却生产世界山羊乳的15.6％；这是山羊奶具有如此重要的经济意义和组织的唯一大陆。在发展中国家，奶山羊部门需要采取系统的方法，其中必须整合营养，动物健康，育种，专门知识，投入和技术。这将使自然资源和地方资源得到优化，并将促进从减少风险战略向提高生产率战略的过渡。这样的增加将优先考虑基于负责任的创新的清洁，绿色和道德实践的生产效率。

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