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Tunnels design and geological studies

机译：隧道设计与地质研究

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摘要

Geologic conditions are among the greatest sources of unknowns prior to actual construction of underground excavations, especially for deep tunnels in rock. These unknowns usually exist in inverse proportional to the amount, nature and quality of the geotechnical investigations. Nevertheless, the adequacy of a site investigation program cannot be measured by cost alone. Over the past two decades the authors have analysed the investigation strategies followed along several projects weighing the cases of success or failure that finally means the ratio between foreseen, unforeseen and unforeseeable conditions as experienced after construction. In most of the cases, also after expensive investigation campaigns, the absence of a rigorous preliminary field survey left many off-ramps along the diagnostic pathway, leading to a wrong "diagnosis, misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis". All the collected data must be interpreted inside a robust conceptual framework that in Geology primarily comes from field surveys, today enhanced by new tools and methodologies for investigating and modelling.
机译：在实际进行地下挖掘之前，尤其是岩石深层隧道，地质条件是未知数的最大来源。这些未知数通常与岩土勘测的数量，性质和质量成反比。但是，现场调查计划的充分性不能仅通过成本来衡量。在过去的二十年中，作者对几个项目的成功与失败案例进行了分析，并分析了其调查策略，这些项目最终决定了施工后可预见的，无法预料的和不可预见的条件之间的比率。在大多数情况下，在进行了昂贵的调查之后，由于缺乏严格的初步现场调查，沿诊断路径出现了许多偏差，导致“诊断，误诊或延迟诊断”错误。必须在一个强大的概念框架内解释所有收集的数据，在地质学中，这些概念框架主要来自实地调查，而如今，这些框架已通过用于调查和建模的新工具和方法得到了增强。

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