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Engineering geological studies of the diversion tunnel, focusing on stabilization analysis and support design, Iran

机译：伊朗引水隧洞的工程地质研究，重点是稳定分析和支护设计

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In this paper a detailed engineering geological assessment of rock masses and support design studies at Garmi Chay dam site, has been carried out This project is located in the northwest of Iran and will be used for flow control and water storage. The diversion tunnel of the dam has a diameter of 5.5 m and a length of 420 m and will be driven in slightly to highly weathered micaschist and trachy andesite rock units. The geological studies include field and laboratory investigations that based on the results; for more exact investigation, tunnel alignment was divided into three geotechnical zones. These zones consist mainly of highly weathered gray micaschists, dark red trachy andesites and slightly weathered gray micaschists, respectively. Then, for every zone, support capacity of rock masses was evaluated by means of empirical and numerical methods. The rock mass classification systems (RMR, Q, GSI, RSR, SRC and RMi), the convergence-confinement method and a 2D finite element computer software, Phase~2 were used for empirical and numerical method, respectively. According to the results acquired from these methods some stability problems were expected in the tunnel especially in highly weathered micaschist zone, so that in practice two big collapses occurred. Because of high weathering, low constants of rock masses and their soil-like behavior, the stability analysis by analytical method does not give illogical results in lightly weathered micaschist zone. The support system, suggested by empirical method, was applied and its performance was evaluated by means of numerical modeling. After installation the support suggested by Phase2 program, the thickness of plastic zone and deformations around the tunnel decreased significantly. Consequently the agreement of these methods with each other was resulted and using combination of them was recommended for more reliable support design.
机译：本文已对Garmi Chay坝址的岩体进行了详细的工程地质评估，并进行了支护设计研究。该项目位于伊朗西北部，将用于流量控制和蓄水。大坝的引水隧洞直径为5.5 m，长度为420 m，将以略微风化至高度风化的云母片岩和松散的安山岩岩块进行掘进。地质研究包括基于结果的现场和实验室调查;为了进行更精确的调查，将隧道路线分为三个岩土带。这些区域分别由高度风化的灰色云母组成，暗红色的针形安山岩和微风化的灰色云母组成。然后，针对每个区域，通过经验和数值方法评估岩体的支撑能力。经验法和数值法分别采用了岩体分类系统（RMR，Q，GSI，RSR，SRC和RMi），收敛约束法和二维有限元计算机软件Phase〜2。根据从这些方法获得的结果，在隧道中，特别是在高度风化的云母片带中，预计会出现一些稳定性问题，因此在实践中会发生两次大坍塌。由于风化程度高，岩体常数低以及它们具有类似土壤的行为，因此通过分析方法进行的稳定性分析在轻风化的云母片岩带中没有给出不合逻辑的结果。应用了经验方法建议的支撑系统，并通过数值建模对其性能进行了评估。在安装阶段2程序建议的支座后，塑性区的厚度和隧道周围的变形显着减少。因此，这些方法彼此之间达成了一致，并建议将它们结合使用以实现更可靠的支撑设计。

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