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Face stability analysis of tunnels under steady unsaturated seepage conditions

机译：稳定非饱和渗流条件下的隧道面板稳定性分析

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Tunnel face stability analyses are generally conducted assuming completely dry or saturated soils. However, a vast majority of practical conditions involve unsaturated soils. This paper presents an analytical framework to estimate the safety factor of a tunnel face with zero supporting pressure under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. The framework is implemented using the kinematic limit analysis method combined with the strength reduction technique. A closed-form solution for the unsaturated steady seepage problem is incorporated into the suction stress-based formulation of effective stress to obtain the profiles of suction stress and apparent cohesion. Based on a three-dimensional log-spiral mechanism of collapse, the safety factor is obtained using an iteration method for finding a zero supporting pressure. Several charts are provided to analyze the effects of unsaturated parameters and tunnel geometry. The results indicate that accounting for the role of unsaturated seepage increases the safety factor. The effect size of unsaturated seepage depends on the soil type, tunnel geometry parameters, and seepage conditions. The main contribution of this work is development of a useful approach for exploring the impact of steady unsaturated seepage on the face stability of tunnels.
机译：通常在完全干燥或饱和土壤的条件下进行隧道工作面稳定性分析。但是，绝大多数实际条件涉及非饱和土壤。本文提出了一个分析框架来估算在非饱和稳定渗流条件下具有零支撑压力的隧道工作面的安全系数。该框架是使用运动极限分析方法结合强度折减技术实现的。将基于非饱和稳态渗流问题的封闭形式的解决方案合并到基于吸应力的有效应力公式中，以获得吸应力和表观内聚力的分布图。基于倒塌的三维对数螺旋机制，使用迭代方法获得零支撑压力来获得安全系数。提供了一些图表来分析非饱和参数和隧道几何形状的影响。结果表明，考虑非饱和渗流的作用会增加安全系数。非饱和渗流的影响大小取决于土壤类型，隧道几何参数和渗流条件。这项工作的主要贡献是开发了一种有用的方法，用于探索稳定的非饱和渗流对隧道面板稳定性的影响。

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