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Exploring Issues of User Model Transparency and Proactive Behaviour in an Office Environment Control System

机译：在办公室环境控制系统中探索用户模型透明度和主动行为的问题

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摘要

It is important that systems that exhibit proactive behaviour do so in a way that does not surprise or frustrate the user. Consequently, it is desirable for such systems to be both personalised and designed in such a way as to enable the user to scrutinise her user model (part of which should hold the rules describing the behaviour of the system). This article describes on-going work to investigate the design of a prototype system that can learn a given user's behaviour in an office environment in order to use the inferred rules to populate a user model and support appropriate proactive behaviour (e.g. turning on the user's fan under appropriate conditions). We explore the tension between user control and proactive services and consider issues related to the design of appropriate transparency with a view to supporting user comprehensibility of system behaviour. To this end, our system enables the user to scrutinise and possibly over-ride the 'IF-THEN' rules held in her user model. The system infers these rules from the context history (effectively a data set generated using a variety of sensors) associated with the user by using a fuzzy-decision-tree-based algorithm that can provide a confidence level for each rule in the user model. The evolution of the system has been guided by feedback from a number of real-life users in a university department. A questionnaire study has yielded supplementary results concerning the extent to which the approach taken meets users' expectations and requirements.
机译：重要的是，表现出主动行为的系统必须以不会令用户感到惊讶或沮丧的方式进行。因此，期望这样的系统既被个性化又被设计成使得用户能够检查她的用户模型（其一部分应该保存描述系统行为的规则）。本文介绍了正在进行的工作，以研究可以在办公室环境中了解给定用户行为的原型系统的设计，以便使用推断的规则来填充用户模型并支持适当的主动行为（例如，打开用户的风扇）在适当的条件下）。我们探讨了用户控制和主动服务之间的紧张关系，并考虑了与适当的透明度设计有关的问题，以支持用户对系统行为的理解。为此，我们的系统使用户可以检查并可能超越其用户模型中保留的“ IF-THEN”规则。系统通过使用基于模糊决策树的算法从与用户相关联的上下文历史记录（有效地使用多种传感器生成的数据集）中推断这些规则，该算法可以为用户模型中的每个规则提供置信度。该系统的发展已受到大学部门中许多实际用户的反馈的指导。一项问卷调查研究得出了有关所采用方法在多大程度上满足用户期望和要求的补充结果。

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