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The mass flow and proposed management of bisphenol A in selected Norwegian waste streams

机译：挪威选定废物流中双酚A的质量流量和拟议管理

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摘要

Current initiatives for waste-handling in a circular economy favor prevention and recycling over incineration or landfllling. However, the impact of such a transition on environmental emissions of contaminants like bisphenol A (BPA) during waste-handling is not fully understood. To address this, a material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed for selected waste categories in Norway, for which the amount recycled is expected to increase in the future; glass, vehicle, electronic, plastic and combustible waste. Combined, 92 tons/y of BPA are disposed of via these waste categories in Norway, with 98.5% associated with plastic and electronic waste. During the model year 2011, the MFA showed that BPA in these waste categories was destroyed through incineration (60%), exported for recycling into new products (35%), stored in landfills (4%) or released into the environment (1%). Landfllling led to the greatest environmental emissions (up to 13% of landfilled BPA), and incinerating the smallest (0.001% of incinerated BPA). From modelling different waste management scenarios, the most effective way to reduce BPA emissions are to incinerate BPA-containing waste and avoid landfllling it. A comparison of environmental and human BPA concentrations with CoZMoMAN exposure model estimations suggested that waste emissions are an insignificant regional source. Nevertheless, from monitoring studies, landfill emissions can be a substantial local source of BPA. Regarding the transition to a circular economy, it is clear that disposing of less BPA-containing waste and less landfilling would lead to lower environmental emissions, but several uncertainties remain regarding emissions of BPA during recycling, particularly for paper and plastics. Future research should focus on the fate of BPA, as well as BPA alternatives, in emerging reuse and recycling processes, as part of the transition to a circular economy.
机译：循环经济中目前的废物处理倡议比焚化或填埋更倾向于预防和回收。但是，这种转变对废物处理过程中诸如双酚A（BPA）之类的污染物的环境排放的影响尚不完全清楚。为了解决这个问题，对挪威的某些废物类别进行了物料流分析（MFA），预计其回收量将来会增加；玻璃，车辆，电子，塑料和可燃废物。在挪威，通过这些废物类别共处置了92吨/年的BPA，其中98.5％与塑料和电子废物有关。在2011年度模型中，MFA显示这些废物类别中的BPA通过焚化（60％），销往回收再利用为新产品（35％），存储在垃圾填埋场（4％）或释放到环境中（1％）被销毁。 ）。填埋导致最大的环境排放（最多占填埋的BPA的13％），焚化的排放最小（焚化的BPA的0.001％）。通过对不同的废物管理方案进行建模，减少BPA排放的最有效方法是焚化含BPA的废物，并避免将其堆积。将环境和人的BPA浓度与CoZMoMAN暴露模型估计值进行比较，表明废物排放量是区域的微不足道的来源。然而，从监测研究来看，垃圾填埋场排放可能是当地双酚A的重要来源。关于向循环经济的过渡，很明显，减少含双酚A的废物和填埋的减少将导致环境排放的降低，但是关于回收过程中双酚A的排放仍然存在一些不确定性，特别是对于纸和塑料。未来的研究应着眼于新兴的再利用和循环利用过程中BPA的命运以及BPA替代品，作为向循环经济过渡的一部分。

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  • 来源
    《Waste Management》 |2017年第2期|775-785|共11页
  • 作者

    Hans Peter H. Arp; Nicolas A.O. Morin; Sarah E. Hale; Gudny Okkenhaug; Knut Breivik; Magnus Sparrevik;

  • 作者单位

    Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway;

    Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway,Environmental and Food Laboratory of Vendee (LEAV), Department of Chemistry, Rond-point Georges Duval CS 80802, 85021 La Roche-sur-Yon, France;

    Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway;

    Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway,Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 As, Norway;

    Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway,Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway;

    Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930, Ulleval Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway,Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Technology, Trondheim, Norway;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Bisphenol A; Waste hierarchy; Mass flow; WEEE; Plastic;

    机译：双酚A;废物等级;质量流量WEEE;塑料;

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