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Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bioethanol production

机译:作物残留物作为土壤改良剂和生物乙醇生产的原料

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摘要

Traditional solid fuels account for more than 90% of the energy supply for 3 billion people in developing countries. However, liquid biofuels (e.g., ethanol) are perceived as an important alternative to fossil fuel. Global crop residue production is estimated at about 4 billion Mg for all crops and 3 billion Mg per annum for lignocellulosic residues of cereals. One Mg of corn stover can produce 280 L of ethanol, compared with 400 L from 1 Mg of corn grains; 1 Mg of biomass is also equivalent to 18.5 GJ of energy. Thus, 3 billion Mg of residues are equivalent to 840 billion L of ethanol or 56 × 10~9 GJ of energy. However, removal of crop residues exacerbates soil degradation, increases net emission of CO_2, and aggravates food insecurity. Increasing the SOC pool by 1 Mg C ha~(-1) yr~(-1) through residue retention on soil can increase world food grain production by 24-40 million Mg yr~(-1), and root/tuber production by 6-11 million Mg yr~(-1). Thus, identifying alternate sources of biofuel feedstock (e.g., biofuel plantations, animal waste, municipal sold waste) is a high priority. Establishing biofuel plantations on agriculturally marginal or degraded lands can off-set 3.5-4 Pg C yr~(-1).
机译:在发展中国家30亿人口的能源供应中,传统固体燃料占90%以上。但是,液态生物燃料(例如乙醇)被认为是化石燃料的重要替代物。据估计,全球所有作物的农作物残渣产量约为40亿毫克,谷物的木质纤维素残渣每年约为30亿毫克。 1毫克玉米秸秆可产生280升乙醇,而1毫克玉米谷物可产生400升乙醇; 1 Mg的生物质也相当于18.5 GJ的能量。因此,30亿Mg残留物相当于8400亿升乙醇或56×10〜9 GJ能量。但是,清除农作物残渣加剧了土壤退化,增加了CO_2的净排放,加剧了粮食不安全状况。通过土壤残留物将SOC库增加1 Mg C ha〜(-1)yr〜(-1),可使世界粮食谷物的产量增加24-4000万Mg yr〜(-1),根/块茎的产量增加24%。 6-11百万Mg yr〜(-1)。因此,确定生物燃料原料的替代来源(例如,生物燃料种植园,动物废物,市政出售的废物)是当务之急。在农业边缘或退化土地上建立生物燃料种植园可以抵消3.5-4 Pg C yr〜(-1)。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Waste Management》 |2008年第4期|p.747-758|共12页
  • 作者

    R. Lal;

  • 作者单位

    Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 废物处理与综合利用;
  • 关键词

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