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Meeting the challenge of wastewater irrigation: economics, finance,business opportunities and methodological constraints

机译：应对废水灌溉的挑战：经济，金融，商机和方法上的限制

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摘要

Many farmers in developing countries use treated or untreated wastewater to irrigate crops, partly in designated irrigation schemes, but mostly on large areas of small farms located along streams passing through or near cities. Much of the wastewater use is informal and unplanned, as farmers divert water from streams that carry untreated or partially treated effluent from cities and towns. The farmers generate good revenue by selling fresh produce that, otherwise, might not be available in urban markets. However, wastewater irrigation also creates health risks for farmers, their families, and consumers. Public officials must consider those risks and the values generated through wastewater irrigation, as they implement policies to protect farmers and consumers from the negative health impacts. Given the increasing scarcity of fresh water in many urban and peri-urban areas of developing countries, the increasing demand for food, and the persistent desire to improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers, the decisions faced by public officials will require careful analysis. To that end, we describe in this special issue the economics, finance, business opportunities, and methodological constraints that pertain to wastewater irrigation in developing countries.
机译：发展中国家的许多农民使用经处理或未经处理的废水来灌溉农作物，部分是按照指定的灌溉计划进行灌溉，但大多是在流经城市或城市附近的小农场的大面积地区。废水的大量使用是非正式的和无计划的，因为农民从流经城镇的未经处理或部分处理的废水中转移水。农民通过出售新鲜农产品赚取可观的收入，否则，在城市市场上可能无法获得。但是，废水灌溉也会给农民，他们的家庭和消费者带来健康风险。公职人员在执行保护农民和消费者免受负面健康影响的政策时，必须考虑这些风险和废水灌溉产生的价值。鉴于发展中国家许多城市和城市周边地区的淡水日益短缺，对粮食的需求不断增加以及对改善小农户生计的持续渴望，公共官员面临的决定将需要仔细分析。为此，我们在本期特刊中描述了与发展中国家废水灌溉有关的经济，金融，商机和方法学上的限制。

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