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Quality standards and monitoring as water management tools: the case of nitrogen in rivers in France and Brittany

机译：质量标准和监测作为水管理工具：法国和布列塔尼河流中的氮含量

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摘要

Water quality standards (QS) and river monitoring are widely accepted as preventive management strategies for the preservation of watercourses and at the same time they are criticized for imposing universal threshold values, leading to regulatory rather than voluntary action. Based on the example of nitrate, the article explains how QS applications are the result of national or regional negotiations, with no direct link to the scientific foundations underlying the development of these tools. These conflicting perceptions and how these tools are actually used are illustrated by the situation in Brittany. Here, the monitoring network and actions to prevent increasing nitrate concentrations in rivers form part of regional programs set up jointly by all the main stakeholders. However, while QS can act as an alarm signal, their effectiveness depends on local political support, which depends on the extent to which river quality is recognized as a key factor in regional development.
机译：水质标准（QS）和河流监测已被广泛接受为水道保护的预防性管理策略，与此同时，它们也因施加通用阈值而受到批评，从而导致监管而非自愿行动。本文以硝酸盐为例，解释了QS应用是国家或地区谈判的结果，与这些工具开发的科学基础没有直接联系。布列塔尼的局势说明了这些相互矛盾的看法以及这些工具的实际使用方式。在这里，监测网络和防止河流中硝酸盐浓度增加的行动是所有主要利益相关者共同制定的区域计划的一部分。但是，尽管QS可以作为警报信号，但其有效性取决于当地的政治支持，这取决于在何种程度上将河流质量视为区域发展的关键因素。

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