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Relating reverse and forward solute diffusion to membrane fouling in osmotically driven membrane processes

机译：渗透驱动膜过程中反向和正向溶质扩散与膜污染的关系

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摘要

Osmotically driven membrane processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), are attracting increasing interest in research and applications in environment and energy related fields. In this study, we systematically investigated the alginate fouling on an osmotic membrane during FO operation using four types of draw solutions (NaCl, MgCl_2, CaCl_2 and Ca(NO_3)_2) to elucidate the relationships between reverse (from draw solution to feed solution) and forward (from feed solution to draw solution) solute diffusion, and membrane fouling. At the same water flux level (achieved by adjusting the draw solution concentration), the greatest reverse solute diffusion rate was observed for NaCl draw solution, followed by Ca(NO_3)_2 draw solution, and then CaCl_2 draw solution and MgCl_2 draw solution, the order of which was consistent with that of their solute permeability coefficients. Moreover, the reverse solute diffusion of draw solute (especially divalent cation) can change the feed solution chemistry and thus enhance membrane fouling by alginate, the extent of which is related to the rate of the reverse draw solute diffusion and its ability to interact with the foulant. The extent of fouling for the four types of draw solution followed an order of Ca(NO_3)_2 > CaCl_2 MgCl_2 > NaCl. On the other hand, the rate of forward diffusion of feed solute (e.g., Na~+) was in turn promoted under severe membrane fouling in active layer facing draw solution orientation, which may be attributed to the fouling enhanced concentration polarization (pore clogging enhanced ICP and cake enhanced concentration polarization). The enhanced concentration polarization can lead to additional water flux reduction and is an important mechanism governing the water flux behavior during FO membrane fouling. Findings have significant implications for the draw solution selection and membrane fouling control in osmotically driven membrane processes.
机译：渗透驱动的膜工艺，例如正向渗透（FO）和压阻渗透（PRO），在环境和能源相关领域的研究和应用中引起了越来越多的兴趣。在这项研究中，我们系统地研究了使用四种类型的汲取溶液（NaCl，MgCl_2，CaCl_2和Ca（NO_3）_2）在FO操作过程中渗透膜上的藻酸盐结垢，以阐明反向（从汲取溶液到进料溶液）之间的关系。并向前（从进料溶液到汲取溶液）溶质扩散和膜污染。在相同的水通量水平下（通过调节汲取溶液浓度实现），观察到NaCl汲取溶液的最大逆溶质扩散速率，其次是Ca（NO_3）_2汲取溶液，然后是CaCl_2汲取溶液和MgCl_2汲取溶液，其顺序与其溶质渗透系数的顺序一致。此外，汲取溶质（尤其是二价阳离子）的反向溶质扩散可改变进料溶液的化学性质，从而增强藻酸盐对膜的污染，其程度与反向溶质扩散的速率及其与溶液的相互作用有关。肮脏的。四种汲取溶液的结垢程度依次为Ca（NO_3）_2> CaCl_2 MgCl_2> NaCl。另一方面，进料溶质（例如Na〜+）的正向扩散速率又在面对汲取溶液取向的活性层中在严重的膜污染下得到了促进，这可能归因于污染增强了浓度极化（孔堵塞增强了）。 ICP和滤饼增强了浓度极化。增强的浓度极化可导致额外的水通量减少，并且是控制FO膜结垢期间水通量行为的重要机制。这些发现对于渗透驱动膜工艺中的汲取溶液选择和膜污染控制具有重要意义。

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  • 来源
    《Water Research》 |2012年第7期|p.2478-2486|共9页
  • 作者

    Qianhong She; Xue Jin; Qinghua Li; Chuyang Y. Tang;

  • 作者单位

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore,Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore,Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore,Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Technological University, N1-1B-35, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    fouling; forward osmosis (FO); reverse solute diffusion; forward solute diffusion; pore clogging enhanced internal; concentration polarization; cake enhanced concentration; polarization;

    机译：结垢正向渗透（FO）;反向溶质扩散正向溶质扩散毛孔堵塞增强内部;浓度极化饼提高浓度;偏振;

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