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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Synoptic Sampling to Determine Distributed Groundwater- Surface Water Nitrate Loading and Removal Potential Along a Lowland River
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Synoptic Sampling to Determine Distributed Groundwater- Surface Water Nitrate Loading and Removal Potential Along a Lowland River

机译：天气采样确定沿低地河流的分布的地下水-地表水硝酸盐负荷量和清除潜力

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Delineating pollutant reactive transport pathways that connect local land use patterns to surface water is an important goal. This work illustrates high-resolution river mapping of salinity or specific conductance (SC) and nitrate (NO3-) as a potential part of achieving this goal. We observed longitudinal river SC and nitrate distributions using high-resolution synoptic in situ sensing along the lower Merced River (38 river km) in Central California (USA) from 2010 to 2012. We calibrated a distributed groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) discharge model for a conservative solute using 13 synoptic SC sampling events at flows ranging from 1.3 to 31.6 m(3) s(-1). Nitrogen loads ranged from 0.3 to 1.6 kg N d(-1) and were greater following an extended high flow period during a wet winter. Applying the distributed GW-SW discharge estimates to a simplistic reactive nitrate transport model, the model reproduced observed river nitrate distribution well (RRMSE=5-21%), with dimensionless watershed-averaged nitrate removal (kt) ranging from 0 to 0.43. Estimates were uncertain due to GW nitrate data variability, but the resulting range was consistent with prior removal estimates. At the segment scale, estimated GW-SW nitrate loading ranged from 0 to 17 g NO3- s(-1) km(-1). Local loading peaked near the middle of the study reach, a location that coincides with a shallow clay lens and with confined animal feed operations in close proximity to the river. Overall, the results demonstrate the potential for high-resolution synoptic monitoring to support GW-SW modeling efforts aimed at understanding and managing nonpoint source pollution.
机译：描绘将当地土地利用方式与地表水联系起来的污染物反应性运输途径是一个重要目标。这项工作说明了盐度或比电导（SC）和硝酸盐（NO3-）的高分辨率河流制图，这是实现此目标的潜在部分。我们从2010年至2012年在中部加利福尼亚州（美国）的默塞德河下游（38公里）使用高分辨率天气学原位感应观测了河流的纵向SC和硝酸盐分布。我们对分布式地下水-地表水（GW-SW）进行了校准保守溶质的流量模型，使用13个天气概要SC采样事件，流量范围为1.3至31.6 m（3）s（-1）。氮负荷范围从0.3到1.6 kg N d（-1），并且在潮湿的冬季延长了高流量之后氮负荷更大。将分布的GW-SW排放估算值应用于简单的反应性硝酸盐迁移模型，该模型重现了观察到的硝酸盐分布井（RRMSE = 5-21％），无量纲分水岭的平均硝酸盐去除量（kt）为0至0.43。由于GW硝酸盐数据的可变性，估计值不确定，但是结果范围与先前的去除率估计值一致。在分段规模上，估计的GW-SW硝酸盐负荷范围为0至17 g NO3- s（-1）km（-1）。局部负荷在研究范围的中部附近达到峰值，该位置与浅黏土晶状体以及靠近河流的受限动物饲料操作相吻合。总体而言，结果表明，高分辨率天气监测有可能支持旨在了解和管理非点源污染的GW-SW建模工作。

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