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Capture zone delineation methodology based on the maximum concentration: Preventative groundwater well protection areas for heat exchange fluid mixtures

机译：基于最大浓度的捕获区划定方法：换热流体混合物的预防性地下水井保护区

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摘要

Capture zones of water supply wells are most often delineated based on travel times of water or solute to the well, with the assumption that if the travel time is sufficiently large, the concentration of chemical at the well will not exceed the drinking water standards. In many situations, the likely source concentrations or release masses of contamination from the potential sources are unknown; therefore, the exact concentration at the well cannot be determined. In situations in which the source mass can be estimated with some accuracy, the delineation of the capture zone should be based on the maximum chemical concentration that can be expected at the well, rather than on an arbitrary travel time. We present a new capture zone delineation methodology that is based on this maximum chemical concentration. The method delineates capture zones by solving the adjoint of the advection-dispersion-reaction equation and relating the adjoint state and the known release mass to the expected chemical concentration at the well. We demonstrate the use of this method through a case study in which soil heat exchange systems are potential sources of contamination. The heat exchange fluid mixtures contain known fluid volumes and chemical concentrations; thus, in the event of a release, the release mass of the chemical is known. We also demonstrate the use of a concentration basis in quantifying other measures of well vulnerability including exposure time and time to exceed a predefined threshold concentration at the well.
机译：给水井的捕获区通常是根据水或溶质到井的传播时间来划定的，假设如果传播时间足够长，则井中化学物质的浓度不会超过饮用水标准。在许多情况下，可能的来源浓度或潜在来源的污染物释放量尚不清楚；因此，无法确定孔中的确切浓度。在可以精确估算源质量的情况下，捕获区的划分应基于井中预期的最大化学浓度，而不是任意的传播时间。我们提出了基于此最大化学浓度的新捕获区划定方法。该方法通过求解对流扩散反应方程的伴随关系，并将伴随状态和已知释放质量与井中的预期化学浓度联系起来，描绘出捕获区。我们通过一个案例研究证明了这种方法的使用，其中土壤热交换系统是潜在的污染源。换热流体混合物包含已知的流体体积和化学浓度。因此，在释放的情况下，化学品的释放质量是已知的。我们还演示了使用浓度基准来量化井脆弱性的其他度量，包括暴露时间和超过井中预定阈值浓度的时间。

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