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首页> 外文期刊>Water resources research >Investigating the applicability of end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) across scale: A study of eight small, nested catchments in a temperate forested watershed
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Investigating the applicability of end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) across scale: A study of eight small, nested catchments in a temperate forested watershed

机译：研究最终成员混合分析（EMMA）在整个规模上的适用性：对一个温带森林流域中的八个小嵌套流域的研究

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摘要

Current interest in multicatchment hydrologic studies challenges the use of geochemical mixing models across scale, where changes in stream water chemistry from catchment to catchment may indicate (1) changes in the proportional contributions of end-members, (2) changes in the geochemical signatures of end-members in space, or (3) changes in the geochemical signatures of end-members in time. In this study we examine stream water chemistry from a series of eight nested catchments in a 1.47 km~2 temperate forest watershed in southern Quebec for evidence of contributing end-members. We use eigenvector and residual analysis (Hooper, 2003) of the multivariate stream water chemistry records to estimate the dimensionality of the mixing space for each individual catchment, indicating the number of contributing end-members. Using the mixing space of the largest, highest-order catchment (1.47 km~2), we evaluate its ability to predict stream water chemistry in the seven upstream catchments, representing progressively smaller areas. We observe significant spatial variation in ionic mixing ratios within the 147 ha watershed. Only spatial testing across catchments allowed us to identify appropriate conservative tracers most compatible with the application of a single mixing model across scale. On the seasonal timescale, groundwater geochemistry changes significantly due to the recharge from spring snowmelt, indicating a mixture of two groundwater end-members of varying age. On the timescale of storm events, shallow perched water and throughfall provide geochemical signatures consistent with physical mixing while unsaturated zone soil water sampled from local pockets of glacial till does not. Our results suggest cautious application of end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) for multicatchment studies.
机译：当前对多流域水文研究的兴趣挑战了跨规模使用地球化学混合模型的挑战，其中从流域到流域的溪流水化学变化可能表明（1）最终成员的比例贡献发生了变化，（2）空间中的末端成员，或（3）末端成员的地球化学特征随时间变化。在这项研究中，我们检查了魁北克南部1.47 km〜2温带森林流域中八个嵌套集水区中的一系列流水化学，以寻找最终成员的证据。我们使用特征向量和多元流水化学记录的残差分析（Hooper，2003）来估计每个集水区混合空间的维数，表明贡献的最终成员数量。利用最大，最高阶流域（1.47 km〜2）的混合空间，我们评估了其预测七个上游流域（逐渐减小的区域）中溪流水化学的能力。我们在147公顷的流域内观察到离子混合比的显着空间变化。只有跨集水区的空间测试，我们才能确定最适合与跨规模单一混合模型的应用最合适的保守示踪剂。在季节尺度上，由于春季融雪补给，地下水的地球化学发生了显着变化，表明两个年龄不同的地下水末端成员混合在一起。在暴风雨发生的时间尺度上，浅水栖息地和穿透水提供了与物理混合相一致的地球化学特征，而从冰川局部区域采样到的非饱和带土壤水则没有。我们的结果表明，在多流域研究中谨慎使用末端成员混合分析（EMMA）。

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